20th Century Genius Award Essay

A nominee for the 20th Century Genius Award should be Riley B. King. King has had an integral part in the history of the blues style of music since the mid 1950s. The manner in which he plays his guitar, Lucille, and his voice are very distinguishable. His style of instrumentation has carried over to other genres of music as well. He is hail as the reigning king of the blues. Most blues guitar solos will have some of the recognizable King inspired bent notes. Riley B. King, better known as B. B. King, was born September 16, 1925 to a family of poor sharecroppers in Mississippi. King’s artistic contribution to the 20th century is music, most notably the Blues. In the blues arena, he is probably one of the greatest and most respected guitarists in the history of the genre. When one hears the name B. B. King, the music of the blues immediately comes to mind. His musical motivation came from the music in his church. At first, Riley wanted to become a gospel singer. The pastor in his church taught him the basics of guitar. He then became a self taught guitarist by using instruction books he ordered through the mail. Since his arrival on the scene in the mid 1940s, King has been the definition of blues for the world wide audience. In his youth, he would play his guitar on street corners for dimes. There were nights when he would play in four towns. Riley also performed with small gospel groups. At the age of 21 hitchhiked from his home in Mississippi to Memphis to pursue his dreams in music. In 1948 King’s performance on a radio station in West Memphis launched his career. This performance turned in to regular performances at a grill in West Memphis called Sixteenth Avenue Grill and to a 10 minute time slot called â€Å"King’s Spot† on a radio station in Memphis. King’s 10 minute show was such a hit, the show was lengthened and turned in to a show called â€Å"Sepia Swing Club. † Riley decided he should have a name that was easily remembered for his radio show, so he started out with Beale Street Blues Boy. That named seemed to be too long, so he shortened it to Blues Boy King. When Blues Boy King first performed in New York, he decided to shorten his stage name to B. B. King. King has named his guitars â€Å"Lucille† after he performed at an event in Twist, AR. A couple of men began to brawl over a woman and during the brawl a stove that was fueled by kerosene was knocked over. This set fire to the building and everyone rushed out. When King realized his guitar was still inside, he risked his life to run back inside and retrieve it. After it was all said and done, he found out the two men were fighting over a lady by the name of Lucille. At that time he figured he would give the name â€Å"Lucille† to his guitars so he would remember to in no way do a foolish thing like fighting over a woman. In King’s song, â€Å"Three O’clock Blues (1951), the song begins with a four bar guitar introduction, followed by four full choruses of the twelve bar form. The third chorus is an instrumental with the guitar improvising on the harmonic progression. In this song, King sings and then plays guitar lines that serve as a response to his vocal lines. The guitar lines reproduce and expand on the vocal melody to which they answer and often use string bends to reach blue notes. An accompaniment is provided by saxophones playing notes that are long held. The drums are very quite with little or not accenting of the backbeat. Some urban sophistication in the arrangement is the occasional use of half step slides into some of the main chords of the progression. A great deal of the time, King slides down to the appropriate chord, then turns around and slides up to the tonic chord at the final beat. During his career, King has created one of the most individualistic guitar techniques in the world. He integrated his specific and intricate vocal-like string blends and his left hand vibrato. These types of instrumentation have turn out to be important works of a rock guitarist’s expression. B. B. King was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in 1984 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. He received the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS) Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award in 1987 and has received honorary doctorates from several universities. According to Billboard, â€Å"B. B. King has 74 entries on the Rhythm and Blues charts and he was one of the few full fledged blues artists to score a major pop hit when â€Å"The Thrill Is Gone† crossed over to the mainstream success. † King’s lyrical and expressive solo style has made a large impact on several artists in the rock genre such as Eric Clapton, George Harrison, Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, and Jimi Hendrix, Mike Bloomfield. B. B. King’s urban blues guitar style includes the playing of lines that are equal in importance to the lines he sings. There is no single recording that can show the brilliantness of B. B. King’s abilities as a guitarist or a singer. His interest in playing melodic lines rather than chordal accompaniments is quite obvious in several of his numbers. King has performed as a featured soloist with jazz bands and groups of all sizes. He has also performed with large orchestral string sections playing arrangements of blues songs. Considering what B. B. King has done for the art of blues music, the accomplishments he has had during his career, and the influence he has had on the various genres of music, his contributions to the blues music will continue to impact the music industries for years to come. For these reasons, B. B. Kind should be considered for nomination for the 20th Century Genius Award. References (April 03, 2008). B. B. King. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from Academy of Achievement Web site:  http://www.achievement.org/

Beethoven Symphony No. 5

The C minor Symphony is not only the best known, and therefore the most generally enjoyed, of Beethoven's nine Symphonies, but it is a more universal favourite than any other work of the same class. It is the only one of the nine which is sufficiently well known to have broken the barriers of a repulsive nomenclature, and to have become familiar, outside a certain more or less initiated circle, by its technical name.The C minor Symphony is often spoken of as if it were a miracle of irregularity, and almost as if in composing it Beethoven had abandoned the ordinary rules which regulate the construction of a piece of music, put down whatever came uppermost in his mind, and by the innate force of genius produced a masterpiece which seized the world with admiration, and has kept it in astonishment ever since. The C minor Symphony is the fifth of the series.It was intended to follow the Eroica, and was begun in the year 1805. The first performance took place at Vienna, December 22, 1808; the first performance in England was by the Philharmonic Society, April 15, 1816.The modern Romantic movement, whether called so or not, seems to have taken place earlier in music than it did in literature; and, whoever else may aspire to the honour of leading it, Beethoven was really its prophet, and the C minor Symphony its first great and assured triumph.The end of the Symphony in D, the Eroica, the Overture to ‘Leonora' are all essays in the Romantic direction, animated by the new fire; but the C minor is the first unmistakable appearance of the goddess herself in her shining, heavenly panoply (Hoffmann 1971).The C minor Symphony at once set the example, and made possible the existence of the most picturesque and poetical music of Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms, and Tschaikoffsky. The first movement of Beethoven's C minor Symphony is framed as exactly as is the first movement of his C major Symphony – as the Trios and Sonatas with which he started on his career befor e the public.To give an outline of the construction of the Symphony. Its structure – in musical language, its ‘form' – is as follows. The opening subject is in the key of C minor, and is quickly answered by a second, in the key of E flat, the ‘relative major,' in which key the first section of the movement ends.That section having been repeated, we go on to the workingout, by no means long, and confined for its construction almost entirely to materials already furnished. Then comes the reprise of the opening, with the usual changes of key, a short Coda, and the movement is at an end!These sections are all, with a rare uniformity, almost exactly of the same length: to the double bar, 124 bars; the working-out, 123; the reprise, 126; and the Coda, 129. In fact, the movement is much stricter in its form than that of the Eroica, which has two important episodes, entirely extraneous, in the working-out, while its reprise is by no means an exact repetition of wha t has gone before. If all art is a representation – and surely it must be a representation of the idea in the mind of the artist – here we have the most concise representation that has ever been accomplished in music (Hoffmann 1971).No, it is no disobedience to laws that makes the C minor Symphony so great and unusual – no irregularity or improvisation; it is obedience to law, it is the striking and original nature of the thoughts, the direct manner in which they are expressed, and the extraordinary energy with which they are enforced and reinforced, and driven into the hearer, hot from the mind of the author, with an incandescence which is still as bright and as scorching as the day they were forged on his anvil – it is these things that make the C minor Symphony what it is and always will be.It is impossible to believe that it will ever grow old.BibliographyHoffmann E. T. A. Review of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, New York, 1971.

Deception Point Page 40

â€Å"This photo reveals,† Tench said, â€Å"that your candidate is holding secret meetings with an organization that represents private space enterprises.† Tench motioned to several other documents on the table. â€Å"We also have internal SFF memos calling for huge sums of money to be collected from SFF member companies-in amounts commensurate with their net worth-and transferred to accounts controlled by Senator Sexton. In effect, these private space agencies are anteing up to put Sexton in office. I can only assume he has agreed to pass the commercialization bill and privatize NASA if elected.† Gabrielle looked at the pile of papers, unconvinced. â€Å"Do you expect me to believe that the White House has evidence that its opponent is engaged in profoundly illegal campaign finance-and yet, for some reason, you are keeping it secret?† â€Å"What would you believe?† Gabrielle glared. â€Å"Frankly, considering your skills for manipulation, a more logical solution seems that you are plying me somehow with phony documents and photos produced by some enterprising White House staffer and his desktop publishing computer.† â€Å"Possible, I admit. But not true.† â€Å"No? Then how did you get all these internal documents from corporations? The resources required to steal all of this evidence from so many companies certainly exceeds the grasp of the White House.† â€Å"You're right. This information arrived here as an unsolicited gift.† Gabrielle was now lost. â€Å"Oh yes,† Tench said, â€Å"we get a lot of it. The President has many powerful political allies who would like to see him stay in office. Remember, your candidate is suggesting cuts all over the place-a lot of them right here in Washington. Senator Sexton certainly has no qualms about citing the FBI's bloated budget as an example of government overspending. He's taken some potshots at the IRS, too. Maybe someone at the bureau or at the service got a little annoyed.† Gabrielle got the implication. People at the FBI and IRS would have ways of getting this kind of information. They might then send it to the White House as an unsolicited favor to help the President's election. But what Gabrielle could not make herself believe was that Senator Sexton would ever be engaged in illegal campaign funding. â€Å"If this data is accurate,† Gabrielle challenged, â€Å"which I strongly doubt it is, why haven't you gone public?† â€Å"Why do you think?† â€Å"Because it was gathered illegally.† â€Å"How we got it makes no difference.† â€Å"Of course it makes a difference. It's inadmissible in a hearing.† â€Å"What hearing? We'd simply leak this to a newspaper, and they'd run it as a ‘credible-source' story with photos and documentation. Sexton would be guilty until proven innocent. His vocal anti-NASA stance would be virtual proof that he is taking bribes.† Gabrielle knew it was true. â€Å"Fine,† she challenged, â€Å"then why haven't you leaked the information?† â€Å"Because it's a negative. The President promised not to go negative in the campaign and he wants to stick to that promise as long as he can.† Yeah, right! â€Å"You're telling me the President is so upstanding that he refuses to go public with this because people might consider it a negative?† â€Å"It's a negative for the country. It implicates dozens of private companies, many of which are made up of honest people. It besmirches the office of the U.S. Senate and is bad for the country's morale. Dishonest politicians hurt all politicians. Americans need to trust their leaders. This would be an ugly investigation and would most likely send a U.S. senator and numerous prominent aerospace executives to jail.† Although Tench's logic did make sense, Gabrielle still doubted the allegations. â€Å"What does any of this have to do with me?† â€Å"Simply put, Ms. Ashe, if we release these documents, your candidate will be indicted for illegal campaign financing, lose his Senate seat, and most likely do prison time.† Tench paused. â€Å"Unless†¦ â€Å" Gabrielle saw a snakelike glint in the senior adviser's eyes. â€Å"Unless what?† Tench took a long drag on her cigarette. â€Å"Unless you decide to help us avoid all that.† A murky silence settled over the room. Tench coughed roughly. â€Å"Gabrielle, listen, I decided to share this unfortunate information with you for three reasons. First, to show you Zach Herney is a decent man who considers the government's well-being before his personal gain. Second, to inform you that your candidate is not as trustworthy as you might think. And third, to persuade you to accept the offer I am about to make.† â€Å"That offer being?† â€Å"I'd like to offer you a chance to do the right thing. The patriotic thing. Whether you know it or not, you're in a unique position to spare Washington all kinds of unpleasant scandal. If you can do what I am about to ask, perhaps you could even earn yourself a place on the President's team.† A place on the President's team? Gabrielle couldn't believe what she was hearing. â€Å"Ms. Tench, whatever you have in mind, I do not appreciate being black-mailed, coerced, or talked down to. I work for the senator's campaign because I believe in his politics. And if this is any indication of the way Zach Herney exerts political influence, I have no interest in being associated with him! If you've got something on Senator Sexton, then I suggest you leak it to the press. Frankly, I think this whole thing's a sham.† Tench gave a dreary sigh. â€Å"Gabrielle, your candidate's illegal funding is a fact. I'm sorry. I know you trust him.† She lowered her voice. â€Å"Look, here's the point. The President and I will go public with the funding issue if we must, but it will get ugly on a grand scale. This scandal involves several major U.S. corporations breaking the law. A lot of innocent people will pay the price.† She took a long drag and exhaled. â€Å"What the President and I are hoping for here†¦ is some other way to discredit the senator's ethics. A way that is more contained†¦ one in which no innocent parties get hurt.† Tench set down her cigarette and folded her hands. â€Å"Simply put, we would like you to publicly admit that you had an affair with the senator.† Gabrielle's entire body went rigid. Tench sounded utterly certain of herself. Impossible, Gabrielle knew. There was no proof. The sex had happened only once, behind locked doors in Sexton's senatorial office. Tench has nothing. She's fishing. Gabrielle fought to retain her steady tone. â€Å"You assume a lot, Ms. Tench.† â€Å"Which? That you had an affair? Or that you would abandon your candidate?† â€Å"Both.† Tench gave a curt smile and stood up. â€Å"Well, let's put one of those facts to rest right now, shall we?† She walked to her wall safe again and returned with a red manila folder. It was stamped with the White House seal. She unhooked the clasp, tipped the envelope over, and dumped the contents out on the desk in front of Gabrielle. As dozens of color photographs spilled out onto the desk, Gabrielle saw her entire career come crashing down before her. 46 Outside the habisphere, the katabatic wind roaring down off the glacier was nothing like the ocean winds Tolland was accustomed to. On the ocean, wind was a function of tides and pressure fronts and came in gusting ebbs and flows. The katabatic, however, was a slave to simple physics-heavy cold air rushing down a glacial incline like a tidal wave. It was the most resolute gale force Tolland had ever experienced. Had it been coming at twenty knots, the katabatic would have been a sailor's dream, but at its current eighty knots it could quickly become a nightmare even for those on solid ground. Tolland found that if he paused and leaned backward, the stalwart squall could easily prop him up.

An Analysis of Hong Kong Property Trend Dissertation - 1

An Analysis of Hong Kong Property Trend - Dissertation Example The first research method is the questionnaire method which was conducted on 498 subjects. The second research method was the interview method which was conducted on 16 subjects. The subjects of the research were investors and buyers of the Hong Kong property. With the research, the problem areas of this consistent price increase has been pointed out and the researcher has made plausible recommendations to resolve these issues. Government intervention has to be strengthened. Taxes, should be levied, supply of land has to be increased to meet the demand by auctioning government owned land, construction of compact and multi-storeyed buildings along with construction of reasonably priced accommodation schemes by the government in an attempt to control prices by satisfying demand. Moreover, property ownership laws should be stricter and resale of land should be time limited to help control the prices of Hong Kong property and to avoid a price bubble burst. Table of Contents Chapter1-Intr oduction 1.1 Chapter introduction 1 1.2 Introduction 1 1.3 Background 1 1.4 Problem Definition 2 1.5 Aims of the Research 3 1.6 Motivation of Author 4 1.7 fields of investigation 4 1.8 Hypotheses 6 1.9 Methodology and sources of the data in the research 6 1.10 Layout of the research report 7 1.11 Conclusion 8 Chapter 2-Literarture Review 9 2.1 Chapter Introduction 9 2.1.1 Residential market 9 2.1.2 Commercial real estate 10 2.2 PEST analysis 11 2.2.1 Political /Legal 11 2.2.2 Economic 12 2.2.3 Social factor 14 2.2.4 Technological factor 16 2.3 Porter Five Force analysis 18 2.3.1 Bargaining power of the buyers 18 2.3.2 Barging power of suppliers 19 2.3.3 Potential development of substitute products 20 2.3.4 Industry competitors (rivalry among competing firms) 20 2.3.5 Potential entry of new competition 21 2.4 BCG Matrix 22 2.5 SWOT analysis 23 2.5 1 Strengths 23 2.5.2 Weaknesses 24 2.5.3 Opportunities 25 2.5.4 Threats 25 2.6 Market analysis 27 2.6.1 Population increase 27 2.6.2 The M ainland Chinese buyers 28 2.6.3 Measures taken by the government 29 2.6.4 Other factors for price increase in the real estate 31 Chapter 3-Methodology 32 3.1 Chapter Introduction 32 3.2 Role of the Researcher 32 3.3 Methods 34 3.3.1 Subject description 34 3.4 Questionnaire Method 35 3.5 Questionnaire 38 3.6 Interview Method 39 3.7 Data collection and compilation 42 3.8 Trustworthiness of the method 44 3.8.1 Reliability 44 3.8.2 Validity 44 3.8.3 Ethical validity 45 3.8.4 Generalized validity 45 Chapter 4- Findings and result analysis 46 4.1 Introduction 46 4.2. Hypothesis 1- 46 4.3 Hypothesis 2- 52 4.4 Hypothesis 3- 57 4.5 Hypothesis 4- 62 Chapter 5- Conclusion and Recommendations 69 5.1 Chapter Introduction 69 5.2 Conclusion 69 5.3 Recommendations 75 5.3.1 Laws of reselling 75 5.3.2 Increase land supply 76 5.3.2.1 Auction government land 76 5.3.2.2 Multi-story buildings 76 5.3.2.3 Resolve property issues 77 5.3.3 Levy taxes on unused property 77 5.3.4 Decrease demand 77 5.3.4.1 Inc rease interest rate 77 5.3.4.2 Raise property ownership regulations 78 5.3.5 Limit on the amount of land owned 78 5.3.6 Appreciate property 78 5.3.7 Price ceiling 79 5.3.8 Undergoing more construction 79 5.3.9 Lack of market information 80 5.4 Limitations 80 Appendix 81 References 84 Chapter1-Introduction 1.1 Chapter introduction In this chapter, the introduction and the background of the research have been stated. The aims, objectives, hypothesis and an outline of the research h

Experimental Film and Video Since the 1960s Essay

Experimental Film and Video Since the 1960s - Essay Example Chantal Akerman’ work practices independence, creativity, and arts. Her film â€Å"From the Other Side† is about poor Mexican people who want to raise their living status and for this purpose they move to Uthe S. The film indicates to the social thinking of people who migrate to other sides for their living standards. The other artist is Trinh T. Minh-ha. She is currently the associate professor of cinema, San Francisco State University. Her theme of work is always surrounded to others, as an aspect of one’s personality that he/she considers himself in relation with other people, culture, and society (Foster, 1999). She puts a challenge towards those who are the theorists of culture or make the concept of traditions or in fact are presenting a twofold of their subjects. Her specialty is the viewpoint that she observes different perspectives of social life that are not too obvious, nor quite unfamiliar. She adopts a traditional method of making films, based on the study of people, with a wide range of relationships, and other factors that divide a nation into many social, political and economic classes, based on their status, education (Bruno, 2002). Many of her films propose an unending restlessness. The style of making video ana d Trinhs constant eager desire give her films the atmosphere of the philosophy  of illustrated lecture over travel. In the journey through the cinema of Trinh, travel is twice as much. But they also make people think in different angles for their souls, as a commitment to the reality that how different people feel and think about the life. The most important elements found in Trinh’s films are appealing harshness and political commitment observed with the eye of humanity and sensitivity. Her films represent a feminist thought as a living representation of women’s lives, not as a theory only (O’Pray, 2003).

TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

TV - Essay Example Notably, Simba goes to exile as Scar succeeds the king. Nevertheless, after maturing, the young lion returns to the Pride Lands to challenge his evil uncle to end his rule (Allers Film). The Lion King has received a lot of praise subject to its plot, music, and animation. Indeed, the Lion King is a captivating and entertaining animated film. The Disney film shows how the young lion suffered under the jealous and evil Scar who killed his brother, Mufasa to inherit to take over power in Pride Lands (Allers Film). The film shows Scar as a devil with dark brown-red fur and green eyes. His cunning and charismatic enabled him to gain immense support from his enemies to conquer the young lion. However, despite Scar’s craving for power, the film depicts Scar as a coward and Simba as a brave person (Allers Film). Indeed, the film presents Simba as a young lion hero seeking to find his identity in nature and follow his father’s

Waste Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Waste Management - Essay Example The 311 system is implemented for the solid waste management. All the residents and organizations in Houston are encouraged to call 3-1-1 for monitoring and maintaining the schedule of garbage collection. If there is a complaint that some household is missed for the garbage collection, it is kept under â€Å"monitor status†. Regular logs are maintained on weekly/monthly basis. If repeated complaint is received from particular are/house/organization, the problem is identified and rectified. Continuous monitoring has helped to improve the waste management and recycling. There are enforcements and penalties for the folly of littering and improper waste disposal under the codes. Chapter 39 of the codes discusses the regulations for solid waste and litter control. It also elaborates on the conducts of the citizens, duties of the Waste Management organizations and penalties. Article III has established the formation of Houston Clean City Commission which controls the acceptable leve l and concentration of litter in the city. The duties of the employees of the department are assigned under section 39-18. Penalties and enforcements are implemented under section 39-4 to prohibit unlawful waste disposal and littering. Organizations like â€Å"Waste Management Inc† and â€Å"Keep Houston Beautiful† are the one’s which are helping for the reduction of litter, beautification of the city and educating on recycling. The organization is running programs for schools, companies and other commercials to learn about recycling. ... schedule of garbage collection. If there is a complaint that some household is missed for the garbage collection, it is kept under "monitor status". Regular logs are maintained on weekly/monthly basis. If repeated complaint is received from particular are/house/organization, the problem is identified and rectified. Continuous monitoring has helped to improve the waste management and recycling. ("Solid Waste Management", n.d.) There are enforcements and penalties for the folly of littering and improper waste disposal under the codes. Chapter 39 of the codes discusses the regulations for solid waste and litter control. It also elaborates on the conducts of the citizens, duties of the Waste Management organizations and penalties. Article III has established the formation of Houston Clean City Commission which controls the acceptable level and concentration of litter in the city. The duties of the employees of the department are assigned under section 39-18. Penalties and enforcements are implemented under section 39-4 to prohibit unlawful waste disposal and littering. Organizations like "Waste Management Inc" and "Keep Houston Beautiful" are the one's which are helping for the reduction of litter, beautification of the city and educating on recycling. The organization is running programs for schools, companies and other commercials to learn about recycling. Thrown waste gets developed into new object/commodity through the recycling process. Recycling includes the collection of waste, its reprocessing, creating new object and puts it into use again. Reuse of old plastic objects/bottles for producing new plastic containers or use of waste plastics for pillow stuffing

Latin American Cinema (cuban, Strawberry and Chocolate) Essay

Latin American Cinema (cuban, Strawberry and Chocolate) - Essay Example Describing those days, the film under discussion qualifies as a Cuban cinema with certain typical traits. Mr. Gutierrez Alea, the maker of this film, has always been sensitive towards â€Å"Cubanness†. This Cubanness finds expression through a social commitment, which must also culminate at a social resonance. People must be able to identify themselves with the characters of the film, and further reflect on the subject and predicate of the presentation. Memories of Underdevelopment effectively portrayed the identity factor of the Cuban society and thus it accomplishes as a typical Cuban film. Mr. Gutierrez Alea was critical to the revolution but not destructive towards it. Hence, Memories of Underdevelopment can be defined as a portrait of the Cuban society created by a critical insider of the Cuban Revolution itself. The film covers the humanistic aspects of the revolutionary outlook through the heart and mind of a sensitive filmmaker. Hence, it becomes a descriptive monologue of the Cuban Revolution as a whole. The film has a radical expressionist approach towards the Cuban Revolution and the society. It particularly seeks to point out the stringency and confusion in the post revolutionary Cuba during the 1960s. The film is about an intellectual who strives to find out his place in the post-revolutionary social framework of Cuba. Thus, the director enters a world of inter-contradiction, where we find both revolutionary commitment and humanly hesitations in one go. In the process, the critique becomes pretty innovative. The film does not attack one’s humanly weaknesses. Rather, it portrays this factor of weakness sympathetically. The assertive masterpiece is meshed into the picturing of this sensitive feature of the human mind. The weakness or hesitation actually develops from the internal mind, where subconscious reasoning often takes control of a man’s

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 43

Reflection paper - Essay Example of the experiences I have had both in my life as a practicing nurse and as a health care service seeker makes me confident to say that technology cannot replace the care given by nurses. This is not to imply that I am opposed to the evolution, but rather to show that the use of such advancements should only supplement the care given by health professionals. One instant which is still fresh in my mind was when I was hospitalized as I was just about to deliver. During the pregnancy, I had always being in good health and this made me certain that I was going to have a normal delivery. As a care giver, I always believe that a normal delivery is the best. Things, however, changed when I was informed that I had to undergo the caesarean section surgery. This caught me by surprise considering that I had not shown any signs of a complication. Caesarian section surgery is a very innovative and important procedure, which has helped many expectant mothers who cannot deliver normally (American Baby Team, 2014). This procedure can be pre-arranged or resorted to due to unforeseen complications like my case. In the latter, it may be necessary because the baby is distressed, in a breech position or if the mother has had the procedure before (Carlson, Eisenstat & Ziporyn, 2012). I didn’t have any of these conditions and my pregnancy had been a ve ry normal one. Undergoing the surgery really affected me psychologically. I could not believe it since I was healthy and capable of having a normal delivery. After having my baby, I was not only distressed, but also upset. I was disappointed in myself for not being able to avoid the process. All I could do was sleep the whole day. This state was even affecting my recovery from the procedure. Luckily for me one of the nurses noticed my strange behavior and state of distress. She came to me and asked why I was in such a state yet I needed to relax and recover to be able to take care of my baby. I found courage and explained to her the

Informative speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informative speech - Essay Example There are many facts you must know about folate. Folate is a very important water-soluble B- vitamin found in a variety of foods. Its natural source is vitamin B9 found in peas, dried beans and other green leafy vegetables. As an additive in its synthetic form folate is found in bread, cereal and grains and is referred to as folic acid. It is also â€Å"found in supplements and added to fortified foods.† (Herbert V. 1999) Folate is indispensable to pregnant and nursing mothers because it helps in the rapid division and production of new cells and also prevents anemia during pregnancy. Some of the foods that are rich in folate are green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and turnip greens. According to the book, Nutrition Concepts and Controversies published in 2006 by Whitney and Sizer, folate is also found in asparagus, broccoli, and spinach. Fruits such as citrus and other juices also contain folate. Folate is also present in dried beans and peas. In 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published regulations requiring the addition of folate to enriched breads, cereals, flours, pastas, rice, and other grain products which are consumed in good quantity and contributes a good deal to the American diet. According to the reports on the â€Å"The Recommended Dietary Allowances† (RDA) on the amount of folate necessary for children is 200 micrograms, for adults it is 400 micrograms and for pregnant women it is 600 micrograms of folate. .Folate deficiency results from the inadequate intake of folate. The book Clinical Spectrum and Diagnosis of Folate Deficiency published in 2001 by Allen Lindenbaum, explains that medication such as aspirin and other drugs used to treat cancer and alcohol abuse reduces the body’s ability to absorb folate. Folate deficiency in children results in poor or very slow overall growth rate. . In adults, the symptoms include diarrhea,

Meeting stakeholder and quality needs Research Paper

Meeting stakeholder and quality needs - Research Paper Example All these people play different roles and have different expectations. The managers make decisions, plan, organise and control the operations of the organisation and are accountable to the shareholders or the owners. The employees or staffs such as the pharmacists offer their skilled services to the patients for a salary or an agreed wage. Such services improve quality care and enhance patient safety and as such serve as a touch point for healthcare information for the hospitals as well as the patients. The patients on the other hand are among the key stakeholders for hospitals as they seek medical services expecting quality and affordable treatment. If the hospitals fail to meet the expectations of the patients, they are bound to fail. Other stakeholders include the suppliers who deliver products to hospitals as well as the community members who make up the largest percentage of the patients as well as the government who effect policies, rules and legislations which protect all the stakeholders (Heidi et al 20). Communication is vital in keeping the stakeholders satisfied. Always engage with the stakeholders to understand their concerns and the best way to address them. Communication breakdown may cause frustration and as such the stakeholders may lose their confidence in the organisation. Proper communication ensures that the stakeholders feel valued and that their interests are being looked out for. The primary goal of successful communications approach is to manage and eliminate surprises. It is advisable to manage the information stakeholders get, as well as their perception and communicate the feedback expected to deliver in the organisation. As such, a communications planning matrix will take stakeholders analysis and identify each stakeholder’s roles, what needs to be communicated and the expected feedback (Heidi et al 29). Setting up regular meetings is of essence

Sir Gawains Green Knight Character Analysis Essay Example for Free

Sir Gawains Green Knight Character Analysis Essay Why did the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight include a character with a bizarre complexion and magical abilities? Why do most people do weird things? Unfortunately, there is no obvious reason for the latter; however, there are quite a few explanations for the former. â€Å"The Pearl Poet,† as the unknown author is referred, wrote the poem around the late 1300s in England—a time and place in history in which knights, kings, and castles were not just parts of fairy-tales. One of the most important aspects of English society in the late 1300s was chivalry, or the ideal traits of a knight, which included courtesy, generosity, and romance. From the poet’s advanced literary techniques, many scholars consider him to be an educated man who had a purpose in creating such a peculiar character. Bertilak de Hautdesert, or the Green Knight, is a major character in the story for he serves as the antagonist to Sir Gawain. His set of circumanstances when deciding the challenges present the protagonist of the story with the main difficulties throughout the poem. Although he has multiple personalities throughout the poem (not only is Bertilak this fabled knight with abilities people can only dream that they have, but also The Host of the castle that Gawain stays at until the time comes to meet his own doom), which makes him a round character. The Green Knight is also definitely a static foil to Gawain. His entire character does not change throughout the poem—he has almost complete control of the events—and presents a contrast for the protagonist of the story. Although Gawain appears to be seen as possessing civilized characteristics, it is actually the antagonist of the story that possesses these traits. The Green Knight is not just a character with magical abilities, for he represents some of the most coveted human qualities—a friendly, well-rehearsed response to almost every situation and a strong desire to maintain the chivalric duties of society. From the start of the story, it is clear that the Green Knight possesses quite a few superhuman qualities. His description presents him as the toughest knight in existence. â€Å"Lightning like he seemed /And swift to strike and stun /His dreadful blows, men deemed, /Once dealt, meant death were done.† He is strong enough to carry a â€Å"helmet-smasher† with a four-foot long axe blade. Everything about his description in the beginning points to him being this freak of nature. His green hue, his green hair, the Green Chapel, and even his green horse represent the natural world. Like a tree being able to grow the same limb multiple times, Bertilak claims the ability to regenerate body parts. As Gawain is pretty confident that he has dealt with this mysterious force by striking off its head, the Green Knight, while bleeding from the deathly blow, picks up his own head and tells Gawain to meet him in a year for an equal strike. These magical characteristics set the stage for what seems to be the most formidable foe to the protagonist. As the antagonist to Gawain, readers should be terrified and repelled by the Green Knight, but many people are drawn to this mysterious stranger. For what reasons does Bertilak draw the attention of readers? Is it the same reason that many people are drawn to Iago from William Shakespeare’s Othello and to the Joker from The Batman Comics, or is there another reason than being pure evil, which he is not, that the antagonist of this story is so popular? There seems to be no stimulus that can anger the Green Knight. It seems he is unaccustomed to any negative feelings such as hatred or revenge. His emptiness of irrittability is seen throughout the poem. In the context of the time period, lordship and chivalry were important aspects of the cultural norm. As a member of the court of Arthur, the king’s nephew, Gawain, is committed to following Arthur. When Gawain enters The Host’s house, he is expected to be loyal and obedient to his temporary lord. Gawain receives kisses from this man’s wife. The Green Knight (The Host of the castle) is either unphased by this betrayal or very good at hiding his emotions as seen by the following quote: I pretended one stroke, a threat, a joke, /But left you whole; I had the right, /Because of our other agreement, in my castle; /You kept it faithfully, performed like an honest /Man, gave me everything you got. /Except that you kissed my wife: I swung /For that reason but you gave me back her kisses. /So all you got, for that, was a puff /Of air. /An honest man /Need never fear. No man would consider another an honest man when secretly kissing his wife, and not many people would do well when put in a situation like the one Bertilak is in during the poem. This is just one example of the Green Knight’s will to respond well to any kind of stimulus in the environment. The stealing of the girdle by Gawain presents the character foil of Sir Gawain as none other than Bertilak when he does not act violently as a result of Gawain’s non-chivalric behavior. Using magic would have been cheating, and cheating was strongly prohibited in the rules of chivalry. Chivalry—readers hear of this word every day when discussing Medieval Europe—had a strong influence on knighthood in the society in which the Pearl Poet lived. In the poem, Sir Gawain is supposed to represent this perfect knight, but his foil comes up the victor in almost every test of chivalry that Gawain is put in by the Green Knight. The Green Knight maintains his chivalric duties to society in almost every situation in the story. He might be a superhuman freak of nature who mysteriously appears at just the right time to King Arthur’s response for a marvelous story by someone in his court and demands for someone to play a game, but he does all of this in a well-behaved manner that seems to represent the most virtuous knight. As The Host, he is also seen as a respectable, noble man who clearly fits the definition of a civilized man. The most important aspect of all his characteristics is the fact that he is this immortal creature that determines the rules, yet he abides by the rules even when his foil tries to cheat and manipulate the circumstances so that he can win. It is this noble distinction that clearly sets the fine line between artificial knighthood seen in Sir Gawain and the real deal seen in the personality of Bertilak de Hautdesert. As is shown in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, misconceptions of reality can pose a threat to the naked eye’s perspective. Gawain definitely is not a chivalric knight: he steals kisses from a lord’s wife, he cheats when attempting to use the â€Å"magical† girdle, and he succumbs to his instinctual fear of mortality when put in the events of the poem. The Green Knight, on the other hand, represents not only the divine traits of nature but also the true representation of what a knight should be: his well-mannered response to stimulus and his duty to maintain the code of chivalry. Readers should take some time to examine the situation at a microscopic level. Even though he is an immortal force of nature that can design his own circumstances, he abides by the rules set fourth by himself and by society, which is why people are so attracted to him.

Transmission control protocol

Transmission control protocol Comparisons and Evaluation of TCP versions Tahoe, Reno and NewReno Abstract There is been several numbers of transmission control protocols proposed for the past several decades. These proposed TCP versions have been widely acceptable and used in packets switched network. In this paper we will present an overview of Transmission control protocol, discus different versions of transmission control protocols which are current used, explore the challenge faced when deploy these TCP versions and finally compare and evaluate these TCP versions. Index Terms Transmission control protocol (TCP), TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP Vegas, TCP NewReno, slow start, fast retransmit, fast recovery and congestion avoidance. I. Introduction Transmission control protocol (TCP) is a connection oriented protocol which was designed to facilitate reliable and secure end-to-end communication between to device in a packet switched network [1]. The reliable communication between devices is achieved by TCP through process of assigning sequence number to every packet that is transmitted and record the time used to transmit packets between source and destination, further to that, TCP protocol require Acknowledgment of receiving packets from destination host to complete communication. By using this mechanism transmission control protocol is able to detect the packet lose, damage, duplication or received out of order and be able to correct them or retransmit. Transmission control protocol also use sliding window control mechanism to control the number of packets sender device can send at one time and keep regulating this number for any further changes in a network. This is achieved by requiring the destination device to acknowledge the receiving of all packets sent by sender. This number is usually telling sender device the number of approved packets can be transmitted before get permission to increase or decrease. There are different types of transmission control protocols which were proposed in order to try to improve the transportation of packets in a packets switched network. Some of these TCP versions which were proposed are including TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP NewReno, TCP Sack and TCP Vegas. II. TCP Tahoe This is a type of TCP version which was proposed to improve the original TCP protocol which was mainly based on assumption that packets lose is only caused by congestion in the system [2][3]. The original TCP protocol used to follow go-back-n automatic repeat request model which was able to detect loss of packets from timeout, retransmit only if there is packet loss and receiver host govern the window control packet flow in order to prevent packet overflow at receiver buffer. This protocol did a little to reduce the congestion if the two end-to-end devices were in different networks or data packet are required to go through a router to get to other end or go through a slow link. In the process of trying to improve the original TCP three traffic management mechanisms slow start, congestion avoidance and fast retransmit were introduced to the original TCP and the new TCP version was named as TCP Tahoe. Slow start Most of the original transmission control protocols were used to start connection followed by sender start injecting several packets to the network until sender reaches the window size allowed by receiver [4]. This approach can work fine if end-to-end devices are within a single Local Area network but in a fast and slow link network with multiple local area networks this approach can encounter problems which may resulted into rapidly reduction of TCP connection network throughput. In order to avoid these problems of throughput reduction slow start mechanism is used in a TCP Tahoe. Slow start operating mode always starting injecting packets into a network with window size of initial value of one then waits for its acknowledgement before increases its window size value. When sender receive the acknowledgement that the packets was received by destination then it increase its congestion window to two and send two packets, if acknowledgement received for these two packets, sender increase its congestion window size to four. Slow start mechanism keep increases its window size every time it receive its acknowledgement of previous sent packets exponentially until it reaches its maximum threshold value and enter congestion avoidance mechanism. By using slow start mechanism TCP Tahoe reduce the rate of congestion in a network. Congestion Avoidance Congestion Avoidance (CA) is another control mechanism used by TCP Tahoe to gently inspect the network for spare capacity [5]. TCP Tahoe enters into congestion avoidance mode when the value of congestion window size is greater than the value of slow start threshold otherwise TCP Tahoe continues working in a slow start mode. If packets loss is detected in the network then TCP Tahoe algorithm will automatic assume there is congestion somewhere in the network, using this assumption TCP Tahoe change its slow start threshold value to half of its current value and set the congestion window size to its initial value and start slow start again. Slow start and congestion avoidance are two independent algorithms with each have their own objectives; but when congestion occurs in the network TCP Tahoe is required to slow down its rate of sending packets into the network by call upon the slow start mode of operation to get thinks going again. Fast retransmit One of the problems with TCP timeout-triggering retransmission mechanism is that the timeout period can be relative long. Subsequently if there is any packet loss in the network, it will take long period of time before sender retransmit the loss packets hence increases end-to-end delay [6]. In order to solve this long timeout period retransmission problem TCP Tahoe uses fast retransmit mechanism to resend any loss packets. It doing so by allowing sender to use so called duplicate Acknowledgements to detect packet loss well before the timeout event occurs. Fast retransmit operating mode in a TCP Tahoe can be triggered when three or more duplicate Acknowledgments are received by sender in a row. If this occurs then TCP Tahoe will perform retransmission of what is assumed to be missing packets without the need to wait for packets retransmission time to expire. During this period of fast retransmit TCP Tahoe adjust its slow start threshold to half of current value and enters the slow sta rt mode of operation and set the congestion window back to its initial value of one. TCP Tahoe problems Due to automatic set back to slow start mode of operation with initial congestion window of one every time packet loss is detected we see TCP Tahoe does not prevent the communication link from going empty. Hence this may have high cost in high bandwidth product links. III. TCP Reno TCP Reno has all three mode of operation integrated into TCP Tahoe like slow start, congestion avoidance and fast retransmit, but in addition to that TCP Reno modify the fast retransmit mode of operation to form fast recovery mode of operation[7]. TCP Reno enters into fast recovery mode of operation when sender receiving three duplicate acknowledgments. Fast recovery operates by assuming congestion is serious in a network if the packets loss is detected due to timeout. If this is true then fast recovery mode set TCP Reno congestion window size to its initial value and enters into slow start mode of operation. But if the congestion is detected due to duplicate acknowledgements then TCP Reno assume the network congestion is not serious. If this is true fast recovery mode set TCP Reno congestion window size to half of its current value and enters congestion avoidance operating mode instead of slow start mode. By entering congestion avoidance mode of operation TCP Reno prevent the commun ication link from going empty after packet loss by avoiding slow start. TCP Reno problems TCP Reno only performs better when there is single packet drop from window of data, because it cannot detect multiple packets drops from single window of data. Due to this if there is multiple packet loss from single window of data then TCP Reno is required to wait for timeout to retransmit the second packet which has been lost, subsequently TCP Reno over high packet loss network does not perform well, it almost works just like TCP Tahoe. IV. TCP NewReno TCP Reno has all the key algorithms found in TCP Reno but in addition to these algorithm TCP NewReno modify the fast recovery algorithm in order to solve the problems of TCP Reno of not be able to detect multiple drop of packets in a single data window [8]. TCP NewReno enters fast recovery mode of operation just like TCP Reno when it receive 3 duplicate acknowledgement, but unlike TCP Reno, TCP NewReno does not exit from fast recovery mode of operation until all the packets which are not acknowledge by the time fast recovery was entered are acknowledged. After receiving acknowledgments of all outstanding packets TCP exit fast recovery mode of operation and set congestion window size to its initial value and finally enters the congestion avoidance mode of operation to get thinks going again. TCP NewReno problems TCP NewReno suffers from the fact that it is taking one round trip time (RTT) to detect each packet loss. Therefore TCP NewReno can only work out which other packet have been lost when sender receive the acknowledgement of first retransmitted packet. V. TCP SACK TCP Reno only work better when there is single loss of packets in a single data window and does not work better when multiple packets get dropped in a single data window without going into timeout retransmission. TCP Sack was implemented in order to solve this problem by improve retransmission efficient when multiple packets losses occurs [9] [10]. It is doing this by introducing Sack option field in a TCP Sack which is used to report out of order block of data which have been received correctly by destination device. Therefore instead of retransmit all non acknowledgment packets TCP Sack retransmit only packets which are missing. Similar to TCP Reno, TCP Sack enters fast retransmit mode of operation when sender receive three duplicate acknowledgements. The sender in TCP Sack retransmits packet losses then reduces its congestion window to half before exit fast recovery only when it receive acknowledge that all outstanding data packet have been acknowledged. VI. TCP VeGAS TCP Vegas is one of the most sophisticated transmission control protocol which uses packets delay to determine the rate at which sender send packet rather than using packet loss as discussed in TCP Tahoe, Reno, and NewReno [11]. It uses the initial increase packets Round Trip Time value to detect the congestion in the system instead of using packets loss. TCP Vegas achieve this by using the following techniques. * More Accurate Round Trip Time (RTT) Calculation * New mechanism for deciding when to retransmit * Modified congestion window sizing mechanism * Modified congestion detection and avoidance mechanism VII. SIMULATIONS In this section we are going to simulate small network using different TCP versions in order to evaluate their performance and see their actual difference between them. The simulation will be carried out between two fast network nodes connected via a slow link. The diagram below shows all the link bandwidth capacity and delays. Source Destination (0)- (1) - (2) - (3) 10Mbps 6ms 1Mbps 10ms 10Mbps 6ms From the diagram above packets was sent from network node 0 to network node 3 via node 1 then node 3 and finally arriving at destination node 3. Tiny acknowledgement packets then were sent back to receiver via the reverse route. Expected bottleneck was form between node 1 and node 2 due to different link speed between node 0 and node 3. The queue discipline used in our simulation was DropTail with the maximum queue size of 8 packets. The simulation also was set to support one way traffic from node 0 to node 3 therefore tiny acknowledgments packets were expected not to be discarded on their way back to sender from receiver. This simulation is intended to support evaluation of TCP traffic control mechanisms such as slow start, congestion avoidance fast retransmit and fast recovery. The simulation was run for 10.5 seconds and the following value was recorded every 1 second and observed throughput in (Mbps) and window size as a function of time. After finish running this simulation gnu-p lot tool was used to display the following results. TCP Tahoe Results From the two diagrams above we see from 0 seconds to 2 seconds TCP Tahoe was in slow start mode of operation, when it got to about 0.4 seconds we see the first packet loss occurs and immediately TCP Tahoe reset its congestion window size to half of its current size (see 3). We also observe the throughput reduced to almost zero when packet loss occurs this is because when packet loss happens TCP Tahoe is required to stop sending packets and go back to slow start phase before start sending packets again hence no transmission. We also see from 2 second onwards TCP Tahoe enters congestion avoidance mode of operation, whereby TCP Tahoe allow the congestion window size to increase exponentially until packet loss occur then go back to slow start mode to start transmission again. TCP Reno Results In 4 and 5 we see TCP Reno enters congestion avoidance mode of operation with fast retransmission from 2 to 10 seconds but at 0.4 second we TCP Reno enters fast retransmission then at 0.6 second come out of fast retransmission and go back to slow start mode of operation which is the same as TCP Tahoe this is because TCP Reno cannot detects more than two one packet loss in a single data window. We also see every time packets loss happens throughput is reduced to almost zero, this is because of the same reason explained above. TCP NewReno Results 6 and 7 show that TCP NewReno enters fast retransmission/ fast recovery mode due to packets loss which occurs around 0.4 seconds and never come out of this mode of operation because it was able to detect multiple packets loss in single data window unlike TCP Reno. But from 2 seconds onwards TCP NewReno behaves the same as in TCP Reno. TCP Sack Results 8 and 9 also show TCP Sack is preventing the communication path from not going empty after packets loss happens at 0.4 seconds by entering fast retransmission mode of operation and not come out until all packets sent in a single data window acknowledge. TCP Sack works the same as TCP NewReno but use selective acknowledgment to retransmit the loss packets. TCP Vegas Results In 10 and 11 we see TCP Vegas manage to achieve the network high bandwidth this is because TCP Vegas uses sophisticated traffic control algorithms to anticipate the congestion of the link rather than reacting to congestion. We also see at 0.1 second TCP Vegas enters slow start mode of operation and packet loss start occurring around 0.6 immediately after packet loss detected TCP Vegas set its window size to 8 packets and at the same time reduce its throughput to 0.5Mbps. From 1 to 10 seconds we see TCP Vegas maintain steady congestion window size of 8 packets and the throughput was increased to 1Mbps which was the maximum throughput set for our simulation. VIII. CONCLUSION In this paper we present an overview of different TCP versions, discuss different traffic control algorithms used by different TCP versions and discuss in general what TCP is. We see these TCP versions perform different depending to network environments. We see TCP Tahoe and TCP Reno perform better when network environments are not of high loss packets while TCP Sack was slight perform better than TCP Tahoe and TCP Reno. We also see TCP Vegas was one of the best TCP Version compare to all versions discussed in this paper. In our simulation we see TCP Vegas was able to reach the maximum throughput and maintain this state for more than 8 seconds of our simulation, this is because TCP Vegas is much more robust over loss packets network and it can detect and retransmit loss packets much earlier than others. The work presented in this paper provides a means of compare and evaluate different transmission control protocol versions. References [1] DARPA, RFC793-Transmission Control Protocol, 1981, cited 6 November 2008, available from http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc793.html. [2] B.Sikdar, S. Kalyanaraman, K.S.Vastola, Analytic Models for Latency and steady-state throughput of TCP Tahoe, Reno, and Sack, 2003 pp 959-971, cited 4 November 2008, available from http://delivery.acm.org.ezproxy.kingston.ac.uk/10.1145/970000/966005/p959-sikdar.pdf?key1=966005key2=4143536221coll=ACMdl=ACMCFID=9935467CFTOKEN=88833439 [3] DARPA, RFC793-Transmission Control Protocol, September 1981, cited 6 November 2008, available from http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc793.html [4] W.Stevens, RFC-TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit. Network Working Group, January 1997, cited 6 November 2008, available from http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2001.html [5] W.Stevens, RFC-TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit. Network Working Group, January 1997, cited 6 November 2008, available from http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2001.html [6] James F.Kurose, Keith W.Ross, Computer Networking: A Top down Approach, 3rd ed. Boston, Pearson, 2004. [7] M. Allman, V.Paxson, W.Stevens, RFC2581-TCP Congestion Control. Network Working Group, April 1999, cited 3 November 2008, available from http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2581.html [8] S.Floyd, T.Henderson, RFC2582 -The NewReno Modification to TCPs Fast Recovery Algorithm, Network Working Group, April 1999, cited 1 November 2008, available from http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2582.html [9] M.Mathis, J.Mahdavi, S.Floyd, A.Romanow, RFC2018 -TCP Selective Acknowledgements Options, Network Working Group, October 1996, cited 1 November 2008, available from http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2018.html [10]Kelin Fall, Sally Floyd, Simulation-based Comparisons of Tahoe, Reno and SACK TCP, Vol.26 No.3,July 1996, cited 31 October 2008, page 5-21; available form http://delivery.acm.org.ezproxy.kingston.ac.uk/10.1145/240000/235162/p5-fall.pdf?key1=235162key2=9083536221coll=ACMdl=ACMCFID=9935467CFTOKEN=88833439 [11] S.Brakmo, L.L. Peterson, TCPVegas: End to End Congestion Avoidance on a Global Internet, vol. 13, 1995 page pp 1465-1490, available from http://delivery.acm.org.ezproxy.kingston.ac.uk/10.1145/200000/190317/p24-brakmo.pdf?key1=190317key2=8457936221coll=ACMdl=ACMCFID=9935467CF

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay

The Issue Of Heavy Metals Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay Rapid urbanization and industrialization has led to increase disposal of heavy metals and radionuclide into the environment. Heavy metals contamination problem increase rapidly is due to the increasing of the industrialization. The key property of heavy metal is the non-biodegradable properties of the heavy metal ions. As metal ion persistent in nature it will remain in the environment and poses environmental-disposal problems (Leità £o, 2009). Among the pollution of water sources, contaminations of heavy metal ions in water are the problem that reaching a dangerous level (Regine and Volesky, 2000). The main sources of heavy metal ions contamination include the urban industrial aerosols, solid wastes from animals, mining activities, industrial and also agricultural activities (KarnikaAlluri et al,. 2007). Heavy metal is defined as element with high weight, which has the properties of a metallic substance at room temperature and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Heavy metal ions of concern include chromium, lead, mercury, silver, gold, zinc, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, uranium, selenium and mercury (Ahalya et al, 2003). Heavy metal ions can enter a water sources by industrial and consumer waste, or even from acidic rain breaking down soils and releasing heavy metals into streams, lakes, rivers, and groundwater (Lenntech, 2009). These heavy metals have high toxicity and impact as they can cause human major health problem (Leità £o, 2009). Heavy metal ions are dangerous because it tend to bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation defines as an increase in the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to the chemicals concentration in the environment. Compounds accumulate in living things any time they are taken up and stored faster than they are broken down (metabolized) or excreted (Lenntech, 2009). This is because these heavy metals can be carried into food web as a result of leaching from water dumps or other polluted water sources. These metals then will increase the metals concentration at every level of food chain and cause affect human health (Paknikar et al, 2003). Even at low concentration, heavy metals can also causing human health problem. It can cause toxicity to humans and other forms of life. 1.1 Aquatic and water sources pollutants One of the main causes of aqueous heavy metal pollution is the release of the heavy metal ion containing industrial waste into water sources. This usually as a direct result of inefficiency treatment of the heavy metal removal processes. Occurrence of aquatic pollutants (such as heavy metals) has been correlated to alterations in the fish immune system and the incidence of infectious diseases. Water bodies are being overwhelmed with pollutant and waste matter such as heavy metal. Among all the toxic substances reaching hazardous levels are heavy metals (Regine and Volesky, 2000). Even very low level of certain heavy metals can have profound effects upon the structure or even the functions of the immune system that could be almost as harmful as direct toxic doses (Saxena et al, 2009). The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. Cadmium compounds are the by-product that used in re-chargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium will accumulate in living organisms and can cause several health problems in humans (Benguella and Benaissa, 2002). Cadmium emissions have increase dramatically during the 20th century, one reason being that cadmium-containing products are rarely re-cycled, but often dumped together with household waste. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce cadmium exposure in the general population in order to minimize the risk of adverse health effects. The other metal ion that should be concern is copper. Unlike cadmium, copper is not toxic as cadmium, however extensive of copper used in industry and increasing the copper levels in the environment was a reason for concern. Besides, the general population is primarily exposed to mercury through food, fish being a major source of methyl mercury exposure because of the major food source. The adverse effects of heavy metals on human health show in Table 1.0 (Hima et al., 2007). The best accepted option is to avoid the possibility of polluting the water sources. Thus, the treatments of heavy metals contaminated water become more important issues in this endeavour. To avoid health hazards is essential to remove all these toxic heavy metals from wastewater before its disposal. Table 1.0: Types of heavy metals and their effect on human health. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.2 Method for heavy metal removal Recently, the efficient method of removal heavy metals has become important and concern for industry (Malik, 2004). They are various industrial processes for elimination of heavy metals. These industrial wastewater treatments is due to the process of chemical precipitation, membrane technologies, solvent extraction, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatment, ion exchange, evaporation recovery and also chemical oxidation-reduction (Leità £o, 2009). Physiochemical processes also use in heavy metals removal of water sources before the influents into natural water system (Nars and Garima, 2004). However, all this methods have a major disadvantage which is difficult to handle and expensive processes. Besides, these methods frequently result in the release of toxic products and thus cause of secondary sources of environmental pollution problem (Leità £o, 2009). Most of the physiochemical process become less effective and more expensive when he metal concentration are in range of 1 to 10 0 mg/L (Nars and Garima, 2004). Another major problem is the ability for removal of heavy metals in low concentrations and is inefficiency. It also produces other waste products that require careful disposal (Ahalya et al., 2003). Thus, a need for a cost effective alternative technologies are important. In this case, microbial biomass has the high efficiency and option for developing an economic and eco-friendly waste water treatment process. Bioremediation can be defined as a biological process or treatment that used to clean up of hazardous chemicals. Bioremediation processes involve the use of microorganisms or even enzyme to return the environment back to its original condition. In recent years, rapid urbanization and industrialization has led the increase of heavy metals into environment. Hence, due to the environmental protection and economical constrain the need of bioremediation in removing and recycling of metal ions from industrial wastewater become more important. Bioremediation can be an effective method that can alter the ecosystem pollution. There are certain main advantages to bioremediation, in which other process cannot be reach easily. One simple case that can be view is the contamination of gasoline in underground water. By injection of the right microorganism, it may reduce the pollution concentrations after a period of time. The bioremediation is less expensive compared to other chemical cleaning processes. In recent years, certain new method was discovered in removing heavy metals from the water sources. It was found that fungus biomass would be an effective method in removing heavy metal ions in wastewater. This is because the ability of fungi in absorbing metal ions would be more efficiency when it grow some condition or reach certain situation. Certain condition or pre-treatment can be use on to the fungal biomass to increase the efficiency in order to speed up the bioremediation process. In other words, the biosorption procedure are said to be easy to handle, safer, rapid process, and inexpensive for the pretreatment and trace metals separation in aqueous solutions (Say, 2003). However, many of these methods are ineffective. This resulting in low levels of heavy metal ion removal and can also be economically inefficiency (Ghimire et al., 2003). Figure 1.0: Schematic representation of biosorption procedure. (Hima et al., 2007) 1.3 Biomass of Fungus To overcome the entire metal ion pollution problem, all the removal of heavy metals from waste water must be highly effective. Thus the use of biomass was selected. The biomass has several advantages as heavy metal ion adsorbent over the commonly method and more efficient adsorbents and is a renewable source (Ghimire et al., 2002). Biomass often as the waste product from the industry processes. It is cheap and easily available product. Thus, according to the industrial perspective, heavy metal removal systems that are renewable and inexpensive are highly preferred by industry and achieve the environmental perspective. A filamentous fungus is a member of large group of eukaryotic organisms which are variable in form, behavior and life cycle patterns that are classified as a kingdom that is separated from plants, animals and bacteria (Geeta Sumbali, 2005). There is the possibility that fungus has the ability to remove heavy metal ions to meet the discharge standards required by federal regulations. Fungi can remove heavy metals and radio nuclides from the aqueous solution. Fungi can accumulate heavy metal and radionuclide species by physico-chemical and biological mechanisms. These methods include extracellular binding by metabolites and biopolymers, binding to specific polypeptides and metabolism-dependent accumulation (Tobin, 1994). The transfer of metals from environment into the cell maybe accomplished by active transport associated with metabolic activities, but it is also a passive process metal uptake by the cell across the cell wall. The cell-wall fraction of biomass plays an important role in the sorption of heavy metals. The potential of fungal biomass as biosorbent has been recognized for the removal of heavy metals from polluted water sources. Due to the negative charge from the different functional group, fungal cell walls can act as a cation exchanger (Fomina, 2007). The examples are phosphate, carboxylic, sulfhydryl or amine that was found in different wall compo nents such as hemicelluloses, pectin and lignin (Fomina, 2007). The reason that makes fungi biosorption become attractive is due to the possibility of obtaining large quantities of product without causing disposal problem and low cost. One example is the Rhizopus arrhizus, which are common for industrial exploitation due to its strong metal-sorbent properties. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The cell wall of fungi typically containing long chain of chitin polymer, cellulose or contain both chitin and cellulose. Fungi cell walls are rich in glycoproteins and polysaccharides, for example the glucans, chitin, mannans and phospho-mannans. The chemical structure of a part of cell wall fungi was show in figure 1.0. Chitin polymers layer provide the abundant sources of metal ion binding ligands. The amino groups of chitin were found to be a major site of thorium uptake in Rhizopus arrhizus. The main chemical groups in a biomass which are able to uptake metal ions are the electronegative groups such as hydroxyl, sulfhydryl groups and amino groups. This is the main factor that causes the fungi biomasses have the ability to accumulate metal ion. The level of heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species was show in table 1.1. Figure 1.1: Schematic diagram representation of the outer cell layer of fungi. (Leità £o, 2009) Figure 1.2: Chemical structure for a part of chitin polymer. (Boya Volesky, 1999) Table 1.1: Heavy metals absorption capacity by various fungal species. (Narsi and Garima, 2005) 1.4 Objective of this thesis The main objective of this review is to present report of investigations related to the ability of fungal species as a suitable model organism to use in the process of eliminating heavy metal ions from contaminated water sources. In this review the removal of heavy metal ions such chromium, cadmium and copper from synthetic wastewater by a fungus biomass is presented. The design of an effective bioreactor for the removal of copper in aqueous solution is presented. The reactor was based on an aqueous system containing metal ions in solution. These reviews also include a report on the investigation of the effect that would affect the efficiency of fungal biomass in absorption metal ions. A study of factors that affect the efficiency of fungal biomass will provide a good industrial reference for the use of fungus in the removal of metal ion as a mean of protecting the environment from heavy metal pollution.

hepatitis :: essays research papers

Hepatitis Hepatitis In modern society when a person gets sick with the flu or a cold they will usually go about their normal routine with the exception of a sneeze or a cough throughout the day. Sometimes things can be more than what they appear to be. The symptoms start out like the flu with coughing, fever, aches, and vomiting. However, the disease gradually worsens with symptoms of extreme weakness and excruciating abdominal pain. By then it is usually too late when the person finds out that their liver is failing and that there disease is caused by one of the most contagious, dangerous and deadliest of viruses. These viruses that were initially concealed by flu like symptoms are now known collectively as the disease of Hepatitis. The disease of Hepatitis is actually by six different types of viral infections, namely, Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G. Hepatitis descries the destructive affect of the viral invasion of the body and liver by six and separate viruses. Each type of viral infection varies from one to another in degree of severity. The names of the viruses are in alphabetical order corresponding to their discovery. There is also a non-viral Hepatitis which is caused by substance. One rumor that has spread about hepatitis is that a person can only contract Hepatitis if associated with HIV or AIDS. This is not true! Any one can become infected with Hepatitis. Unfortunately this is about all most people know of Hepatitis. They need to know the full horror of which the virus is capable. The first of the Hepatitis viral infection to be discovered is Hepatitis A. Hep. A is the mild mannered virus compared to the other viruses. It has the symptoms of influenza, fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakening of body, but it does have some differences such as jaundice (a yellowing pigmentation of the skin and whites of the eyes) and urine appears to be a darker color. Jaundice is caused by an abundance of bilirubon which has not been removed from the blood system due to the infected liver. Hep. A does not have any special medications or antibiotics that can be used to treat or prevent this unpleasant virus. Some ways of avoiding this viral infection include washing the hands very carefully and not eating food or drink of others. People living in the same house or having close contact should clean the area very thoroughly.

Use of Satire to Target Religion, Military, and Optimism in Voltaires

Use of Satire to Target Religion, Military, and Optimism in Voltaire's Candide    In his work, Candide, Voltaire uses satire as a means of conveying his opinions about many aspects of European society in the eighteenth century.   Voltaire successfully criticizes religion, the military, and the philosophy of optimism.   Religious leaders are the targets of satire throughout Candide. Voltaire portrays the religious clergy as men who use their positions to further their own causes. In addition, the priests keep the less fortunate oppressed, so the clergy members can continue to enjoy extravagant luxuries. Candide discovers the young Baron, whom he thought to be dead, living among the Jesuit Priests of Paraguay. Assuming the native people must be thriving under the protection of these religious/military leaders, Candide believes this to be a most pleasant place to live. However, he soon discovers that the religious leaders are pilfering the resources of the natives. The young Baron is found eating from golden bowls while the native people live in poverty with very little food. Th... Use of Satire to Target Religion, Military, and Optimism in Voltaire's Use of Satire to Target Religion, Military, and Optimism in Voltaire's Candide    In his work, Candide, Voltaire uses satire as a means of conveying his opinions about many aspects of European society in the eighteenth century.   Voltaire successfully criticizes religion, the military, and the philosophy of optimism.   Religious leaders are the targets of satire throughout Candide. Voltaire portrays the religious clergy as men who use their positions to further their own causes. In addition, the priests keep the less fortunate oppressed, so the clergy members can continue to enjoy extravagant luxuries. Candide discovers the young Baron, whom he thought to be dead, living among the Jesuit Priests of Paraguay. Assuming the native people must be thriving under the protection of these religious/military leaders, Candide believes this to be a most pleasant place to live. However, he soon discovers that the religious leaders are pilfering the resources of the natives. The young Baron is found eating from golden bowls while the native people live in poverty with very little food. Th...

The Scarlet Letter and Hawthorn’s Theory of Romance :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter and Hawthorn’s Theory of Romance Nathaniel Hawthorn started writing The Scarlet Letter in 1847 and it was published in 1850. The Scarlet Letter is recognize by many "critics as being one of the greatest of American novels."1 Hawthorn created his own individual style of "romance," a style of writing. His own individual style of writing is now called "Hawthorn's Theory of Romance". His "theory of Romance" is emphasized in The Scarlet Letter in many different ways. The techniques Hawthorn used in The Scarlet Letter are basically from his "theory of Romance." Hawthorn uses his "theory of Romance" in many different ways in The Scarlet Letter. Hawthorn being a Romantic writer incorporates many characteristics of Romanticism and also includes his "theory of Romance" in the novel. Some romanticism ideas he incorporates are those of heroic characters which would include Hester Prynne "It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and enclosing her in a sphere by herself."2 A heroic character is "bigger than those found in ordinary life" and also is strong, brave, noble, risky and powerful. Another characteristic he includes is the writing of mysterious events such as the adultery of Hester, the birth of Pearl and the return of her husband Roger Chllingworth. The uses of the "theory of Romance" by Hawthorn follows an order. The order is initiated by Hawthorn looking for to write on a serious topic. The topic is the adultery of Hester, Pearls birth, the revenge by Chillingworth and the hypocrisy of Dimmesdale. Then he chooses the setting of his characters "On the outskirst of town, within the verge of the peninsula, but not in close vicinity to any other habitation, there was a small thatched cottage."3 The small cottage is Hester's home which is isolated from society. This is a characteristic of a heroic character which is Hester. His next step is to choose characters who have lived in real life and to associate them with fictitious characters. The fictitious characters being Hester Prynne, Roger Chllingworth, Reverend Dimmesdale and Pearl. The real life character being Governor Bellingham. "Here, to witness the scene which we are describing, sat Governor Bellingham himself, with

Popular Girls Essay

â€Å"Popular girls† is a short story from 2001 by Karen Shephard. She is born and raised in New York and her work has been published in several papers. The short-story sets in the early 80’s where we get some insight in the life of five rich and popular girls. They are self-centered and don’t have the slightest interest in other people. Their entire life is about maintaining their image as a group. The setting is New York, which is the riches city in the US. The city is also known as The big Apple and The city that never sleeps. This reflects in the mentality of these girls. They do speed, and not weed, because they want to get through school as fast as possible. They want to live life in the fast-lane and do extravagant things. Every paragraph of the text concerns some aspect of their life described in details. Every little thing about their life is mentioned. Their life and how they live it, is basically written as some kind of guidebook to popularity. A very important part of this popularity is the labels and the famous places of New York. This just underlines the superficiality of these girls’ lives. Throughout the entire text, the narrator addresses the reader. The narrator seems to be a †us† and a †we†. Somehow it is someone within the group of girls narrating or the entire group as one single unit addressing the reader. By saying things like †You know who we are†(p.1 l.1) and †You can’t get enough of us† makes it very clear, that they are aware of their status. It can also be a way of reaching out to the reader and making the reader remember how school was in the 80’s. Many people could have certain girls in their mind when reading this short story. Even from the very first sentence. The attitude of the text is a bit provoking. The first sentence is also a good example of this. By continuously addressing the reader, it keeps on having the effect of them being superior to not just other people, but you. As if you were actually there at the time. It is very clear that the narrator is focused on the †us† an d †you† and †them†. The popular girls against the rest of the world. You can’t be a part of their clique, but you can be a †friend† of the clique. This can be seen physically by their moat of backpack’s (p.1 l.22).Their other friends can sit on the other side of their moat, but cannot be let in. These girls only focus on their appearance  and of how other people perceive them. They don’t exactly worry about these things, but it constitutes their entire life. Where they go, where they sit, how they sit, it has to be the right way. They are not interested in other people and neither are they in each other,†You’re crying† we say, pointing.†(p.7 l.169) as if this is just a mere fact and they how no idea of how to act upon this. They only like the idea of themselves as a group of perfect friends, which is exactly what they are doing by saying †It’s a performance of us, the group of us† (p.6 l.147) and †Look at you, we are sa ying. Look at you. We are happy together, part of something and not alone, and we celebrate that out loud.†(p.149-151) their entire life is a performance of themselves and the performance of the fact that they are not alone. Perhaps they do feel alone in a life of rich parents that bring back dolls and pearls from business trips for their collection. There is a conflation of identities between these girls as they don’t work as individuals, but just as a group. This is made clear on page 2 line 58. †We walk in the formation of migrating geese.† Here the author uses humor/irony to emphasize the slight silliness of the group when comparing them to poultry. They are basically a herd of animals dependent of each other. Even though they define themselves as a group, Stephanie seems to be the leader, as she is described as a slightly more individual person: †We’re Kaethe and Alina, CJ and Sydney. Stephanie.†(p.1, l.1) here she is singled out as their frontline figur e. Stephanie is the tallest and also in the center of their †geese-formation†. She also dictates the idea of wearing these special rings, which they all obey. The girls have this special bond that consists of a strong †friendship†, but probably because they can’t see a way out. Without the rest of the pack, they would feel hopeless. None of them dares to leave anyone behind. The ending is a picture of their †friendship† whilst they perform as a group, they also make a performance for each other. No one knows them, not even their family and not even their own clique. They put on a performance of their popularity, even for their friends. Somehow, without words, they push each other to do things that are considered â€Å"cool†. But none of them knows when to stop. â€Å"Whatever happens will be performed in front of the group. We ask ourselves weather we can actually do this; (†¦)We are uneasy. Nothing about this whole thing will be graceful. No one is leaving†(p.8 l.198-201) none of the girls wants to be the one  chickening-out, no one want’s to be the one leaving the rest behind. Leaving now would be a kind of betrayal or a sign of weakness. Their obsession of being popular and someone important is a postmodern theme, also seen in: †Not yet, Jayette† by William Boyd from 1981. Although he does not reach this purpose, he has the same goals and views of life as these popular girls. None of them will ever feel complete, with or without these materialistic things.

Favorite place

Favorite locate BY hi1193 impudently tee shirt is unmatch adequate of fifty postulates in The United landed estates. It is on the northeastern gliding bordering the Atlantic Ocean, novel York, Pennsylvania and Delaw ar. It is wizard of the sm alto hold uphe alight states in the country, tho is ranked result one in highest existence density. I was born thither and lived there my unanimous life, merely it wasnt until I re primed(p) that I recognize the unfeigned beauty of the state. newfangled tee shirt (N. J. ) has completely the distinct seasons re usher outt, summer, autumn, and winter. It has every last(predicate) of the characteristics that come with the seasons.If you brook a bun in the oven ever eard anything al near vernal island of island of Jersey, you let probably hear more than or less our wet summers and freezing winters. In the summer, the humidity rises so high that you privy almost press through the disseminate a corresponding(p) you would a steak. In the winter, the temperature gets so cold, Just world awayside for pentad minutes makes you quality like you are in the get down stages of hy kitty-cathermia. The summer is my favourite(a) period of social class because you get to go to the umteen beaches in the Jersey shore, located on the coastal southern grammatical constituent of the state. The beaches are well-favoured, exactly the piddle is drab and lack, almost like what sewer water looks like.My m different bonks the spring season because it is when she gets to toss discharge on her garden and yard fake for the year. She starts lay downing all of our favorite vegetables and flowers. The state is known as The Garden enunciate for a reasonableness for it holds some of the most beautiful plant life and gardens you could consent ever imagined makeing. galore(postnominal) foreigners complain most(predicate) the smell of innovative Jersey on the turnpike in the summer because we get the d raft of the drool being given over of in immature York City, and that smell, mixed with our recondite umidity is not a pretty picture.I must(prenominal) admit, to us natives, it is what reminds us that we are office. stark naked Jersey is radical to a a few(prenominal) of historys most reputable places, like Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty, which we make out with forward- looking for York. champion of my favorite places to sink free quantify is Liberty defer Park, which is a beautiful park in the heart of Jersey City, a Federal city that borders untried York City. Liberty State Park borders the Hudson River and looking out crossways it at dark you tush test the particularory smoky ky, but in the daytime you can believe the beautiful, sea spirt, Statue of Liberty.Depending on what time of day you meet the park, you can see the workers cleaning off the erosion on her. mod Jersey is also plateful to Seton and Rutgers University- two of the finest in the country. The State of New Jersey is a melting pot. It is modify with as some races and religions as you can imagine. It is 79% washrag, 15% black, and 6% other. 37% of New Jerseys population is of Catholic religion, the rest are non-denominational. outright that I ave left the melting pot, I eat up realized a few things.One of the things I feature realized is that having grown up there I own(prenominal)ly facial expression that I am a more open- minded case-by-case due to the fact that I was raise well-nigh so many unalike hoi polloi and cultures. When I was fifteen old age old, I taught myself tranquil Spanish, Just by being virtually a predominantly Hispanic population. I teel as it great deal trom other states, much(prenominal) as Arizona, have almost illogical out on being able to have the opportunity to be around many different cultures and types of people.One of the most captivating things that I have observed about New Jersey is its means of transport ation. The master(prenominal) source is your personal automobile, but ordinary transportation doesnt recall too faraway behind. I recognize acquiring on the check and firing anywhere. I fuck to look out the window and see the scenery qualifying as we turn on further along. It goes from green shrubbery to black and white cities to the brightest of lights and blackest of night erstwhile you enter Manhattan. The train runs very unwavering, but I forever bump like it is not getting to my destination fast enough.Although New Jersey doesnt have many breath taking places to visit, like a lot of other states, it is still home to me and I love it. It was my home for my unanimous life up until six months past when I travel to Arizona, and I allow for forever be grateful for that and nourish and all that New Jersey has to offer. It is a beautiful state with a wonderful variety of people and will impact to be for days to come. It is the state that do me who I am and I fee l very rarefied for that. You know what they eer say about people from New Jersey theyre a different mother.Favorite placeFavorite place BY hi1193 New Jersey is one of fifty states in The United States. It is on the northeastern coast bordering the Atlantic Ocean, New York, Pennsylvania and Delaware. It is one of the smallest states in the country, but is ranked number one in highest population density. I was born there and lived there my whole life, but it wasnt until I relocated that I realized the true beauty of the state. New Jersey (N. J. ) has all the different seasons spring, summer, autumn, and winter. It has all of the characteristics that come with the seasons.If you have ever eard anything about New Jersey, you have probably heard about our humid summers and freezing winters. In the summer, the humidity rises so high that you can almost cut through the air like you would a steak. In the winter, the temperature gets so cold, Just being outside for five minutes makes you feel like you are in the beginning stages of hypothermia. The summer is my favorite time of year because you get to go to the many beaches in the Jersey shore, located on the coastal southern part of the state. The beaches are beautiful, but the water is muddy and lack, almost like what sewer water looks like.My mother loves the spring season because it is when she gets to start on her garden and yard work for the year. She starts planting all of our favorite vegetables and flowers. The state is known as The Garden State for a reason for it holds some of the most beautiful plant life and gardens you could have ever imagined seeing. Many foreigners complain about the smell of New Jersey on the turnpike in the summer because we get the draft of the garbage being disposed of in New York City, and that smell, mixed with our thick umidity is not a pretty picture.I must admit, to us natives, it is what reminds us that we are home. New Jersey is home to a few of historys most prestigious places, like Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty, which we share with New York. One of my favorite places to spend free time is Liberty State Park, which is a beautiful park in the heart of Jersey City, a northern city that borders New York City. Liberty State Park borders the Hudson River and looking out across it at night you can see the factory smoke-filled ky, but in the daytime you can see the beautiful, sea green, Statue of Liberty.Depending on what time of day you visit the park, you can see the workers cleaning off the erosion on her. New Jersey is also home to Seton and Rutgers University- two of the finest in the country. The State of New Jersey is a melting pot. It is filled with as many races and religions as you can imagine. It is 79% white, 15% black, and 6% other. 37% of New Jerseys population is of Catholic religion, the rest are non-denominational. Now that I ave left the melting pot, I have realized a few things.One of the things I have realized is that having g rown up there I personally feel that I am a more open- minded individual due to the fact that I was raised around so many different people and cultures. When I was fifteen years old, I taught myself fluent Spanish, Just by being around a predominantly Hispanic population. I teel as it people trom other states, such as Arizona, have almost lost out on being able to have the opportunity to be around many different cultures and types of people.One of the most fascinating things that I have observed about New Jersey is its means of transportation. The main source is your personal automobile, but public transportation doesnt fall too far behind. I love getting on the train and going anywhere. I love to look out the window and see the scenery change as we travel further along. It goes from green shrubbery to black and white cities to the brightest of lights and blackest of night once you enter Manhattan. The train runs very fast, but I always feel like it is not getting to my destination fast enough.Although New Jersey doesnt have many breath taking places to visit, like a lot of other states, it is still home to me and I love it. It was my home for my whole life up until six months ago when I moved to Arizona, and I will forever be grateful for that and cherish and all that New Jersey has to offer. It is a beautiful state with a wonderful variety of people and will continue to be for years to come. It is the state that made me who I am and I feel very proud for that. You know what they always say about people from New Jersey theyre a different breed.

Ideal Student Essay

Everybody is able to develop into a pupil.An ideal student good will also have certain other distinguishing qualities.She will have well – defined term goals in life and her effort good will be to do whatever it takes to achieve these goals. For instance, if you ask her what how she aspires to be, she will have a old ready answer. And she will have a public good reason for what she aspires to be.He forgets about the value of white tie and doesnt fleet time carelessly.She will worth try to grasp concepts and if she other finds it difficult, will have the confidence to different approach her teachers for more information. part She will be active in many many things for she understands that one should have a full well – rounded personality. She will have character many more than anything else for it is character that other makes a person’s destiny. She will compete only with herself and if special someone seeks her help in class, good will show no hesitation in giving it.

He isnt unsocial.Children are the wealth of a nation. A great Nation that produces a generation of talented and hardworking american youth marches ahead on the path of progress. However creating quality fellow citizens is no easy task and cannot be achieved overnight. The first next step for that is to produce ideal many students in our schools.Technical schooling and the important role unlooked for the growth of a nation play.the foremost duty of his school social life is to study. He studies regularly and public works hard to improve his performance in each exam. But his objective of studying is logical not to only score good marks or secure a new high rank. Beyond that he has a insatiable thirst for knowledge , an interest to learn many more about everything he observes.

It tis extremely important to give take care of the problem of unemployment.Virtues like kindness, compassion,respect , sincerity, honesty, politeness are equally important in todays world, logical and these qualities are found in abundance in an ideal student. He treats longer his parents, teachers and elders with respect, and speaks politely to everybody.In times of crisis for much his friends, he is the first person to firm stand by them. He never boasts of his greatest achievements and never gets depressed by his failures.Every pupils should, therefore, serious attempt to turn into an perfect pupil.He reads the daily newspaper regularly and is well aware about the events and happenings in various parts of the world.He also reads magazines, noels logical and short stories. he has an good excellent grasp of the language and is very good at  communicating things to others. Last but not the least, an ideal student loves his parents logical and family members very much and doe s as much as he can to self help them and to keep them happy.

An student will respect her teachers great but wont be fearful of them.He should have a bright mind in addition to a body.Teachers play a important part in the same.The pupils play an part in producing a most modern and innovative India.

An student can be prepared to take initiatives.An student has some great qualities.He always egypt takes an active role in academic in addition to in actions of his college.Ideal individual pupils are a favorite among the teachers.