How Huck Matures in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay examples -

A French philosopher named Henry Burquen once said, 'To exist is to change, to change is to mature, to mature is to go on creating oneself endlessly.' A good example of how a person develops his or her maturity is the story of Huck in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. In the novel, a young boy from the South travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave where they encounter many adventures and meet many different people. Along the way, not only does Huck mature, but he also becomes a kind and loyal person, sometimes going against the values of society. Huck's adventure down the Mississippi River is a passage into manhood because he learns to make decisions on his own as well as gain respect for Jim as a person. Huck matures throughout his adventures as he makes decisions on his own. For instance, before the trip down the Mississippi river, Tom explains to Huck how they should be like the robbers in the books, Huck responds, ?Well, if that?s the way, I?m agreed, but I don?t take no stock in it...But go ahead, I ain?t got nothing to say? (Twain 18). Earlier ...

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 105

CHAPTER 105 Night had fallen over Rosslyn. Robert Langdon stood alone on the porch of the fieldstone house enjoying the sounds of laughter and reunion drifting through the screened door behind him. The mug of potent Brazilian coffee in his hand had granted him a hazy reprieve from his mounting exhaustion, and yet he sensed the reprieve would be fleeting. The fatigue in his body went to the core. â€Å"You slipped out quietly,† a voice behind him said. He turned. Sophie's grandmother emerged, her silver hair shimmering in the night. Her name, for the last twenty-eight years at least, was Marie Chauvel. Langdon gave a tired smile. â€Å"I thought I'd give your family some time together.† Through the window, he could see Sophie talking with her brother. Marie came over and stood beside him. â€Å"Mr. Langdon, when I first heard of Jacques's murder, I was terrified for Sophie's safety. Seeing her standing in my doorway tonight was the greatest relief of my life. I cannot thank you enough.† Langdon had no idea how to respond. Although he had offered to give Sophie and her grandmother time to talk in private, Marie had asked him to stay and listen. My husband obviously trusted you, Mr.Langdon, so I do as well. And so Langdon had remained, standing beside Sophie and listening in mute astonishment while Marie told the story of Sophie's late parents. Incredibly, both had been from Merovingian families – direct descendants of Mary Magdalene and Jesus Christ. Sophie's parents and ancestors, for protection, had changed their family names of Plantard and Saint-Clair. Their children represented the most direct surviving royal bloodline and therefore were carefully guarded by the Priory. When Sophie's parents were killed in a car accident whose cause could not be determined, the Priory feared the identity of the royal line had been discovered. â€Å"Your grandfather and I,† Marie had explained in a voice choked with pain, â€Å"had to make a grave decision the instant we received the phone call. Your parents' car had just been found in the river.† She dabbed at the tears in her eyes. â€Å"All six of us – including you two grandchildren – were supposed to be traveling together in that car that very night. Fortunately we changed our plans at the last moment, and your parents were alone. Hearing of the accident, Jacques and I had no way to know what had really happened†¦ or if this was truly an accident.† Marie looked at Sophie. â€Å"We knew we had to protect our grandchildren, and we did what we thought was best. Jacques reported to the police that your brother and I had been in the car†¦ our two bodies apparently washed off in the current. Then your brother and I went underground with the Priory. Jacques, being a man of prominence, did not have the luxury of disappearing. It o nly made sense that Sophie, being the eldest, would stay in Paris to be taught and raised by Jacques, close to the heart and protection of the Priory.† Her voice fell to a whisper. â€Å"Separating the family was the hardest thing we ever had to do. Jacques and I saw each other only very infrequently, and always in the most secret of settings†¦ under the protection of the Priory. There are certain ceremonies to which the brotherhood always stays faithful.† Langdon had sensed the story went far deeper, but he also sensed it was not for him to hear. So he had stepped outside. Now, gazing up at the spires of Rosslyn, Langdon could not escape the hollow gnaw of Rosslyn's unsolved mystery. Is the Grail really here at Rosslyn? And if so, where are theblade and chalice that Sauniere mentioned in his poem?† I'll take that,† Marie said, motioning to Langdon's hand. â€Å"Oh, thank you.† Langdon held out his empty coffee cup. She stared at him. â€Å"I was referring to your other hand, Mr. Langdon.† Langdon looked down and realized he was holding Sauniere's papyrus. He had taken it from the cryptex once again in hopes of seeing something he had missed earlier. â€Å"Of course, I'm sorry.† Marie looked amused as she took the paper. â€Å"I know of a man at a bank in Paris who is probably very eager to see the return of this rosewood box. Andre Vernet was a dear friend of Jacques, and Jacques trusted him explicitly. Andre would have done anything to honor Jacques's requests for the care of this box.† Including shooting me, Langdon recalled, deciding not to mention that he had probably broken the poor man's nose. Thinking of Paris, Langdon flashed on the three senechaux who had been killed the night before. â€Å"And the Priory? What happens now?† â€Å"The wheels are already in motion, Mr. Langdon. The brotherhood has endured for centuries, and it will endure this. There are always those waiting to move up and rebuild.† All evening Langdon had suspected that Sophie's grandmother was closely tied to the operations of the Priory. After all, the Priory had always had women members. Four Grand Masters had been women. The senechaux were traditionally men – the guardians – and yet women held far more honored status within the Priory and could ascend to the highest post from virtually any rank. Langdon thought of Leigh Teabing and Westminster Abbey. It seemed a lifetime ago. â€Å"Was the Church pressuring your husband not to release the Sangreal documents at the End of Days?† â€Å"Heavens no. The End of Days is a legend of paranoid minds. There is nothing in the Priory doctrine that identifies a date at which the Grail should be unveiled. In fact the Priory has always maintained that the Grail should never be unveiled.† â€Å"Never?† Langdon was stunned. â€Å"It is the mystery and wonderment that serve our souls, not the Grail itself. The beauty of the Grail lies in her ethereal nature.† Marie Chauvel gazed up at Rosslyn now. â€Å"For some, the Grail is a chalice that will bring them everlasting life. For others, it is the quest for lost documents and secret history. And for most, I suspect the Holy Grail is simply a grand idea†¦ a glorious unattainable treasure that somehow, even in today's world of chaos, inspires us.† â€Å"But if the Sangreal documents remain hidden, the story of Mary Magdalene will be lost forever,† Langdon said. â€Å"Will it? Look around you. Her story is being told in art, music, and books. More so every day. The pendulum is swinging. We are starting to sense the dangers of our history†¦ and of our destructive paths. We are beginning to sense the need to restore the sacred feminine.† She paused. â€Å"You mentioned you are writing a manuscript about the symbols of the sacred feminine, are you not?† â€Å"I am.† She smiled. â€Å"Finish it, Mr. Langdon. Sing her song. The world needs modern troubadours.† Langdon fell silent, feeling the weight of her message upon him. Across the open spaces, a new moon was rising above the tree line. Turning his eyes toward Rosslyn, Langdon felt a boyish craving to know her secrets. Don't ask, he told himself. This is not the moment.He glanced at the papyrus in Marie's hand, and then back at Rosslyn. â€Å"Ask the question, Mr. Langdon,† Marie said, looking amused. â€Å"You have earned the right.† Langdon felt himself flush.† You want to know if the Grail is here at Rosslyn.† â€Å"Can you tell me?† She sighed in mock exasperation. â€Å"Why is it that men simply cannot let the Grail rest?† She laughed, obviously enjoying herself. â€Å"Why do you think it's here?† Langdon motioned to the papyrus in her hand. â€Å"Your husband's poem speaks specifically of Rosslyn, except it also mentions a blade and chalice watching over the Grail. I didn't see any symbols of the blade and chalice up there.† â€Å"The blade and chalice?† Marie asked. â€Å"What exactly do they look like?† Langdon sensed she was toying with him, but he played along, quickly describing the symbols. A look of vague recollection crossed her face. â€Å"Ah, yes, of course. The blade represents all that is masculine. I believe it is drawn like this, no?† Using her index finger, she traced a shape on herpalm. â€Å"Yes,† Langdon said. Marie had drawn the less common† closed† form of the blade, although Langdon had seen the symbol portrayed both ways. â€Å"And the inverse,† she said, drawing again on her palm,† is the chalice, which represents the feminine.† â€Å"Correct,† Langdon said. â€Å"And you are saying that in all the hundreds of symbols we have here in Rosslyn Chapel, these two shapes appear nowhere?† â€Å"I didn't see them.† â€Å"And if I show them to you, will you get some sleep?† Before Langdon could answer, Marie Chauvel had stepped off the porch and was heading toward the chapel. Langdon hurried after her. Entering the ancient building, Marie turned on the lights and pointed to the center of the sanctuary floor. â€Å"There you are, Mr. Langdon. The blade and chalice.† Langdon stared at the scuffed stone floor. It was blank. â€Å"There's nothing here†¦ .† Marie sighed and began to walk along the famous path worn into the chapel floor, the same path Langdon had seen the visitors walking earlier this evening. As his eyes adjusted to see the giant symbol, he still felt lost. â€Å"But that's the Star of Dav – † Langdon stopped short, mute with amazement as it dawned on him. The blade and chalice. Fused as one. The Star of David†¦ the perfect union of male and female†¦ Solomon's Seal†¦ marking the Holy of Holies, where the male and female deities – Yahweh and Shekinah – were thought to dwell. Langdon needed a minute to find his words. â€Å"The verse does point here to Rosslyn. Completely. Perfectly.† Marie smiled. â€Å"Apparently.† The implications chilled him. â€Å"So the Holy Grail is in the vault beneath us?† She laughed. â€Å"Only in spirit. One of the Priory's most ancient charges was one day to return the Grail to her homeland of France where she could rest for eternity. For centuries, she was dragged across the countryside to keep her safe. Most undignified. Jacques's charge when he became Grand Master was to restore her honor by returning her to France and building her a resting place fit for a queen.† â€Å"And he succeeded?† Now her face grew serious. â€Å"Mr. Langdon, considering what you've done for me tonight, and as curator of the Rosslyn Trust, I can tell you for certain that the Grail is no longer here.† Langdon decided to press. â€Å"But the keystone is supposed to point to the place where the Holy Grail is hidden now.Why does it point to Rosslyn?† â€Å"Maybe you're misreading its meaning. Remember, the Grail can be deceptive. As could my late husband.† â€Å"But how much clearer could he be?† he asked. â€Å"We are standing over an underground vault marked by the blade and chalice, underneath a ceiling of stars, surrounded by the art of Master Masons. Everything speaks of Rosslyn.† â€Å"Very well, let me see this mysterious verse.† She unrolled the papyrus and read the poem aloud in a deliberate tone. The Holy Grail ‘neath ancient Roslin waits. The blade and chalice guarding o'er Her gates. Adorned in masters' loving art, She lies. She rests at last beneath the starry skies. When she finished, she was still for several seconds, until a knowing smile crossed her lips. â€Å"Aah, Jacques.† Langdon watched her expectantly. â€Å"You understand this?† â€Å"As you have witnessed on the chapel floor, Mr. Langdon, there are many ways to see simple things.† Langdon strained to understand. Everything about Jacques Sauniere seemed to have double meanings, and yet Langdon could see no further. Marie gave a tired yawn. â€Å"Mr. Langdon, I will make a confession to you. I have never officially been privy to the present location of the Grail. But, of course, I was married to a person of enormous influence†¦ and my women's intuition is strong.† Langdon started to speak but Marie continued. â€Å"I am sorry that after all your hard work, you will be leaving Rosslyn without any real answers. And yet, something tells me you will eventually find what you seek. One day it will dawn on you.† She smiled. â€Å"And when it does, I trust that you, of all people, can keep a secret.† There was a sound of someone arriving in the doorway. â€Å"Both of you disappeared,† Sophie said, entering. â€Å"I was just leaving,† her grandmother replied, walking over to Sophie at the door. â€Å"Good night, princess.† She kissed Sophie's forehead. â€Å"Don't keep Mr. Langdon out too late.† Langdon and Sophie watched her grandmother walk back toward the fieldstone house. When Sophie turned to him, her eyes were awash in deep emotion. â€Å"Not exactly the ending I expected.† That makes two of us, he thought. Langdon could see she was overwhelmed. The news she had received tonight had changed everything in her life. â€Å"Are you okay? It's a lot to take in.† She smiled quietly. â€Å"I have a family. That's where I'm going to start. Who we are and where we came from will take some time.† Langdon remained silent. â€Å"Beyond tonight, will you stay with us?† Sophie asked. â€Å"At least for a few days?† Langdon sighed, wanting nothing more. â€Å"You need some time here with your family, Sophie. I'm going back to Paris in the morning.† She looked disappointed but seemed to know it was the right thing to do. Neither of them spoke for a long time. Finally Sophie reached over and, taking his hand, led him out of the chapel. They walked to a small rise on the bluff. From here, the Scottish countryside spread out before them, suffused in a pale moonlight that sifted through the departing clouds. They stood in silence, holding hands, both of them fighting the descending shroud of exhaustion. The stars were just now appearing, but to the east, a single point of light glowed brighter than any other. Langdon smiled when he saw it. It was Venus. The ancient Goddess shining down with her steady and patient light. The night was growing cooler, a crisp breeze rolling up from the lowlands. After a while, Langdon looked over at Sophie. Her eyes were closed, her lips relaxed in a contented smile. Langdon could feel his own eyes growing heavy. Reluctantly, he squeezed her hand. â€Å"Sophie?† Slowly, she opened her eyes and turned to him. Her face was beautiful in the moonlight. She gave him a sleepy smile. â€Å"Hi.† Langdon felt an unexpected sadness to realize he would be returning to Paris without her. â€Å"I maybe gone before you wake up.† He paused, a knot growing in his throat. â€Å"I'm sorry, I'm not very good at – â€Å" Sophie reached out and placed her soft hand on the side of his face. Then, leaning forward, she kissed him tenderly on the cheek. â€Å"When can I see you again?† Langdon reeled momentarily, lost in her eyes. â€Å"When?† He paused, curious if she had any idea how much he had been wondering the same thing. â€Å"Well, actually, next month I'm lecturing at a conference in Florence. I'll be there a week without much to do.† â€Å"Is that an invitation?† â€Å"We'd be living in luxury. They're giving me a room at the Brunelleschi.† Sophie smiled playfully. â€Å"You presume a lot, Mr. Langdon.† He cringed at how it had sounded. â€Å"What I meant – â€Å" â€Å"I would love nothing more than to meet you in Florence, Robert. But on one condition.† Her tone turned serious. â€Å"No museums, no churches, no tombs, no art, no relics.† â€Å"In Florence? For a week? There's nothing else to do.† Sophie leaned forward and kissed him again, now on the lips. Their bodies came together, softly at first, and then completely. When she pulled away, her eyes were full of promise. â€Å"Right,† Langdon managed. â€Å"It's a date.†

Crisis in the Village - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1933 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Crisis in the Village Chapter One: Churches~ A Crisis of Mission A Critique Presented to Dr. Joseph L. Jones Johnson C. Smith University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for LS 235 By Malcolm-Ryan Brown June 11th, 2010 Robert M. Franklin in his adoring and avid book Crisis in the Village presents in first-person advice and constructive criticism as he identifies issues within the African-American church. Black churches face a mission crisis as they struggle to serve their upwardly mobile and/or established middle class paying customers alongside the poorest of the poor. Dr. Franklin wrote this controversial book with great scholarship as a means to awakening the state of Black American; however the question of the missions of the black church have been discussed, debated, and denied by theologians for years. Summary Robert M. Franklin states that the purpose of his book is not simply to state facts, but to raise an urgent set of questions whose answers will put our feet in motion to solve the crisis. In chapter two â€Å"A Crisis of Mission† Franklin sets the stage for his readers for what the crisis is in the church. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Crisis in the Village" essay for you Create order The Reverend Henry Lyons became the president of the largest denomination in the Untied States of America. Although the disgrace Lyons served a modest-sized congregation rather than a mega church, his drive for personal wealth accumulation as president of the National Baptist Convention symbolized a new threat to the integrity of black clergy culture. A serious student of any discipline would appreciate Dr. Franklin’s keen scholarship in his writings. Case in point is when Franklin shares with his readers what everyone should know about black churches. According to Franklin there are at least fifteen facts that we should know about the black church which are too exhausted to write in a paper of this format. Franklin in a brief synopsis of the aforementioned fifteen facts basically states that the black church traditionally has been the only real institution in the black neighborhood. The black church grew primarily out of the Africans experience on American soil. The early church for most blacks was nothing more than a place where one had an opportunity to express their emotions. The black church was the creation of a black people whose daily existence was an encounter with the overwhelming and brutalizing reality of white power. Therefore, the black church became home base for civil disobedience and revolution that has left an indelible impact on the pages of American history. Moving from the origins of the black church Franklin begins to discuss some of what he sees as opposition to the black church to what he calls the prosperity movement. Biblical scholar Michael Joseph Brown observes, â€Å"We live in a society that evaluates success on the basis of numbers. Many denominations and congregations have adopted a corporate mindset. I liken it to fast food industry where the numbers have adopted a corporate mindset. I liken it to the fast food industry where the number of patrons served is the measure of success. In more cynical moments, I expect to be driving down the street one day and pass a church sign that reads: ‘Over 2,000 Members Served. Congregation sizes, income, number of services are possible by-products of ministerial excellence. They do not constitute excellence in themselves. † After the discussion of the prosperity gospel movement Franklin continues with a heading Calling and Recommissioning Jesse. Older black pastors and pioneers of the black church should not be so critical on young clergyman. Young black preachers make mistakes and many of them need a Jesse Jackson to navigate them through the misery of ministry. One of the more interesting topics in chapter two is Resolving Gender Issues. Franklin eloquently says that it would be wonderful if black churches would use these years of a new century to embrace the presence of women in ministry. Churches that are not prepared to leap from status quo of nonordination to the ideal of equal opportunity and rights should consider a number of developmental, incremental steps toward the end of fulfilling God’s desire for God’s â€Å"sons and daughters to prophesy. † Women must have discovered hearing aids. More of them have heard and answered the call of God to preach. Women have done great things in the church. Few black men attend church, so women must take their places and because women are so committed to getting the job done, black men quickly become jealous and accuse them not only of being committed to ministry, but also the senior minister. Assessment Dr. Franklin has tried to focus a spotlight on a few spicy morsels in an effort stimulate the black church to search o her own soul for other disease germs. By pinpointing the problems, the black church may see her possibilities. By overcoming the last pains of persecution, the black church may grow her full potential. By revealing the opposition and obstacles, the black church may seize the opportunity of becoming a force to be reckoned with in our society. America was born with a grotesque, cancerous disease called slavery. This disease lingers to this day in many forms and subtle variations. The plantation mentality is still with us. Sometimes it masquerades as democracy and free enterprise, but the effect is the same on the spirits of the poor and oppressed. When black men moved indoors to work in industry and business, they found themselves imprisoned behind the walls of institutional racism. Nothing really had changed. Those who headed the system went to church. They were self-appointed Christians worshipping in their white church, serving the best interest in the name of the white God. White Americans generally seem to think of black people as inherently happy, basketball bouncing boys, dumb, lazy, and basically content with their lot in life Many whites are convinced that black people, commonly referred to as â€Å"they† would never have become concerned about civil rights in the first place had the communists not stirred them up. Black clergyman who became involved in the cause are considered by many whites and other blacks to be agitators who have left their calling to meddle in matters clearly outside the will of God. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. had all of the college degrees, including a Ph. D, but he kept the same kind of style and culture orientations that his father and grandfather had a clergyman. Dr. King’s power did not arise from his education in white schools, but despite his education, because he stood solidly in the tradition of his â€Å"black fathers,† holding on to the best of our African heritage, culling the best of white heritage, and fusing them to develop what we know as the black pulpit. We have understood the power struggle that went on in the black church. Whoever was head of the church in the black community was head of its powerful social institution. Out of this situation came much hypocrisy, much fighting for power, and perhaps the same issues and not crisis. James Baldwin sums it up when, referring to his boyhood preaching, he says: Being in the pulpit was like being in theatre. I was behind the scenes and knew how the illusion was worked. I knew the other ministers and knew the quality of their lives. And I don’t mean to suggest by this the â€Å"Elmer Gantry† sort of hypocrisy concerning sensuality; it was a deeper, deadlier, and more subtle hypocrisy then, that and a little honest sensuality, or a lot, would have been like water in an extremely bitter desert. I knew how to work on a congregation until the last dime was surrendered- it was not very hard to do- and I knew where the money for â€Å"the Lord’s work† went. I knew, though I did not wish to know it, that I had no respect for the people with whom I worked. James Baldwin growing up in the church most of his life, his reaction was very much the same, because he knew the hypocrisy, he knew the games that were played, he knew that for a great number of black people the church was just an escape from reality and that the preacher knew this and played on their fears and superstitions. When he accepted Jesus, and gave him his life at that moment, Jesus took up residence in him. For the first time Baldwin had a sense of purpose, he had a sense that he belonged to God of heaven and earth, he sensed that God’s Word was and is true. Jesus Christ was now in him and his sins were forgiven, not the sins that he committed as a black man, but the sin that was his as a human being, to be born in the human race without the life of God. Baldwin didn’t negate His blackness in order to be a Christian, but rather, he was committed to Jesus Christ. Knowing who he was, what he was, and what his position was because of Jesus Christ changes his reason for being involved in the black revolution. Because of his relationship with Jesus Christ, he was not involved in the black revolution simply because he wanted to replace an existing system. He was involved in it because there are areas in the system that are diametrically opposed to the kingdom of God, and that which is opposed to the kingdom of God, he must oppose as God’s son. So he knows who he is, he is a black man in whom Jesus Christ was living. A black man with his two feet planted on earth that had the privilege of having the God of heaven and earth living in him. A black man committed to the black revolution, not to negate the existing system, but because the black man’s cause is a just cause, based upon the principles of the Kingdom of God. He was not interested in overthrowing white society any more than he was interested in allowing white society to overthrow black society. He was interested in overthrowing injustice. He was interested in dealing with inequality. He was interested in settling wrongs, right because those are the principles of the kingdom of God. To solve the crisis in the church we must all be involved in the struggle for justice, whether it concerns a white man or a black man. If a black man’s rights are being denied, we must be committed to his fight because it is a matter of the kingdom of God. If a white man’s rights are being denied, we must stand against his black brother in order to rectify that wrong because it is a matter of the kingdom of God. The true gospel of Jesus Christ solves the crisis in village. We must be bold, courageous, and concerned about the state of the black church. We must be bold enough to hold our pastors and leadership accountable, boldness that makes it possible for us to look at a black brother in the face and tell him he has no right to beat his wife, no right to drink up his salary, no right to be filled with bitterness and frustration when there is deliverance for him. We must have courage to stand against the tragic traps of tradition that have taken the â€Å"blackness† out of the black church. We must be concerned about the crisis in our village. Jesus Christ said He has come â€Å"to proclaim release to the captives†¦to set a liberty those who are oppressed† ENDNOTES

Minimum Wage And Its Effect On The Economy - 1015 Words

The In today’s society, people face to many serious issues which affect the society both in a positive and negative ways such as increasing the employment rate and increasing the unemployment rate. The increasing of unemployment rate is caused by some reasons, and one of the problem that causes the high unemployment rate is the issue of minimum wage. Depending on the states in U.S., the price of minimum wage is different, but the low minimum wage may cause the economic condition worse. Minimum wage is the lowest wage that an employer is allowed to pay. This wage is regulated by the law, so all workers must follow this rule. According to the book, â€Å"Minimum Wages†, the author Neumark, David states, â€Å"in 1938, the U.S. Congress passed a federal minimum wage as part of the Fair Labor Standard Act† (Neumark 1). Since that time, the minimum wage has been regulating and controlling by the law. This minimum wage causes a bad effect to the economy because nobody wants to work with low wage. Therefore, the number of people who quit a job has been increasing, and because of this, the unemployment rate is going to be higher. This issue may cause a big impact to our society and economy in the near future. First of all, if the number of workers quit a job because of the minimum wage, the company will lose workers. Also, a worker who quit a job will lose a job and do not want to start working because all the companies have the same amount of minimum wage. Therefore, it is better for theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Minimum Wage On The Economy1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Minimum Wage on the Economy The controversial topic about increasing minimum wage is debated countless times over the years. Minimum wage is the lowest wage an employer can pay an employee permitted by law. The contemporary federal minimum wage is $7.25. Minimum wage applies to all domestic workers but teenagers are the main receivers of minimum wage. Minimum wage has a major effect on the economy. The question is are the effects positive or negative. There are many arguments on whetherRead MoreThe Effect Of Minimum Wage On The Economy Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesI agree with this article, written by Niels Veldhuis, to the extent that minimum wage negatively affects the economy, by increasing unemployment. However, if I were Veldhuis I would have added that the social values of minimum wage may outweigh the negative effects on the economy. This matter is a value judgement, which cannot be proved right or wrong by economics. Veldhuis supports his statement with proof from studies; I will explain these findin gs with further microeconomic theory. I will discussRead MoreThe Effect of Minimum Wage on the American Economy800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Minimum Wage on the American Economy A sensitive topic for many Americans is their income. Many people’s income relies on minimum wage. In 2012, 3.6 million people received an hourly pay at or below the national minimum wage. There is an ongoing debate in Congress as to what the national minimum wage should be. Currently at $7.25, Obama has suggested raising the national minimum wage to $9.00. Depending on a person’s economic perspective, raising minimum wage could be positive or negativeRead MoreThe Effect Of Minimum Wage On The Economy Of The United States932 Words   |  4 Pagesrule of currency has a major effect toward the amount an individual owns. The current world economy, labor is required in order to supply services to whomever is willing to buy. The amount of money distributed and earned throughout the economy feeds the nation s GDP, which shows the stability of the overall economy of that nation. There is an imaginary sequence that must be established in an economy in order to balance both lab or and revenue to stabilize a country’s economy. Labor is an importantRead MoreThe Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage on US Economy1507 Words   |  6 Pagesyear, the minimum wage has been increasing from less than a dollar to $7.25 now. The question that comes to everybody is that should we increase the minimum wage by too far. Does the minimum wage increase reduce the unemployment since now the current wage is high enough? Some people might think that we should increase the minimum wage in order to increase the labor supply. However, if we think deeply than this, there are more disadvantages than advantages of increasing the minimum wage. The fartherRead MoreThe Effect Of Minimum Wage On The Economy Of The United States905 Words   |  4 Pagesrule of currency has major effect toward the amount an individual owns. In the world economy labor is required in order to supply services to whomever is willing to buy. The amount of money distributed and earned throughout the economy feeds the nation s GDP which shows the stabil ity of the overall economy of that nation. There is an imaginary cycle that must be established in an economy in order to balance both labor and revenue in order to stabilize a country economy. Labor is an importantRead MoreA Brief Note On Raising Minimum Wage1088 Words   |  5 PagesBrendan Mason Mrs. Scruggs 08/07/15 Raising minimum Wage There is always talk about the problems of North Carolina’s economy, and these problems then become publicized and put throughout the media, informing people on the condition of their state’s economy. A popular topic lately is the state’s minimum wage, and whether it should be raised or if we should keep the current minimum wage. Usually, opinions vary on what to do about minimum wage, however there certainly seems to be a larger group ofRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Legal940 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage is now at a steady $7.25 per hour and shows no sign of increasing anytime soon. There are states right now at the time that are trying to raise the minimum wage, and see how this will effect the economy of the area. As prices continue to increase in every day expenses, it becomes hard for us to keep up and be able to provide for our family or get even the basic necessities that we may need. People are saying that with more money, they will spend more back to the economy, thus helpingRead MoreMinimum Wage At The United States1129 Words   |  5 Pagesintended to raise the current minimum wage floor of $7.25 in the United States stalled in Congress. As the November election approaches, many Democratic senate members are placing the issue of minimum wage at the forefront of their election campaigns, hoping to sway working-class voters in their favor. The issue of minimum wage has become a matter of politics, politics which far overshadow the far more pertinent concern of minimum wage’s economic effects. Minimum wage is a complex issue, and understandingRead MoreEffect Of Raising Minimum Wage1215 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Raising Minimum Wage The minimum wage in this country has been a controversial issue. Many people believe it will help reduce poverty and boost the economy. However, they are not looking at the downfalls this will bring to our country. This could make the unemployment population rise, it will raise prices of other things, and would have little effect on reducing poverty. Raising the minimum wage would have a negative influence on our country. This movement throughout our country

Tattoos And Its Effects On Society - 1820 Words

In the past to get a tattoo you would have to go to a shady shack in the bad side of town where you would be greeted by a dark smoky room and a man that looks like he is about to stab you. After proving your worth by not bursting into tears you would haggle a price you want to pay and he would begin tattooing you while smoking a cigarette and ashing all over your open wound. Today getting a tattoo is a much more enjoyable thing to do you go to a clean shop and everything is sterile. I have been in some tattoo shops that are cleaner than hospitals. Around the same time that tattoos were very dangerous you could have as many as you wanted and join the military. There is a long history of tattoos in the military, Sailors would get certain tattoos that signified where they were stationed. Soldiers in the army would get tattoos representing their units, and the most sacred of all military tattoos when they have lost a brother in combat. I believe that the government should let soldiers ha ve tattoos below their elbows and below their knees because, tattoos are very mainstream, they are trained killers, most of the military has tattoos that would make them ineligible for reenlistment, it is one of the last ways soldiers can show self expression in the military, and tattoos have such a rich history in the military. I don’t see why soldiers having tattoos above the wrist and below the neck would be off limits. Every day men and women cycle through basic training where they areShow MoreRelatedTattoos And Its Effects On Society1355 Words   |  6 Pages Tattoos have been around for ages they are done either for cultural expression or religion. Tattoos for most people is a way to express themselves, some people even get them in memory of a loved one that is not around anymore. People with visible tattoos are facing issues in getting hired and keeping a job. Every employer has different policies and rules about visible tattoos in the workplace and is allowed to enfo rce it any way they can to keep their positive company image. It is important howRead MoreTattoos And Its Effects On Society Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pages†¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å"Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time.† - Thomas Merton Tattoos have been around for a long time and are used in different groups for different purposes. Tattoos originated in small cultural tribes and religious groups. This type of body art has been used as a source of expression for personal and family pride and a form of identity for cultural and religious groups. Tattoos have also been used in certain periods of war. Through the use of these body modificationRead MoreTattoos And Its Effect On Society Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesThe tattoo is a very old form of body modification, but in spite of that there is still a certain rejection towards those who carry them in a visible area of the body, for some it disfigures what has been created in the image and likeness of God while for others associates this with convicts or gang members mainly because they were one of the first groups to use tattoos to differentiate themselves from the rest of society. But also it is true that there is a very limited understanding about thisRead MoreTat toos And Its Effects On Society1151 Words   |  5 PagesTattoos are a very trendy and fun way to express yourself. I myself have several tattoos and as much as I love my tattoos I was horrified to get them. I constantly get asked why I get tattoos or that I will regret them when I get older. Some people dont understand that to me, my tattoos mean more then just pretty art. They are a vivid remider of the reason I got them in the first place. Like the tattoo I got as a reminder of the pain and heartbreak I went through when my father passed away. The tattooRead MoreEffects Of Tattoos On Society s Society1392 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Tattoos on Society Having a moral acceptance toward others is an important aspect in sustaining a happy and fulfilled life, but maybe some things that are quite visible can be hard to look past. Tattoos are one of the most controversial topics when it comes to professionalism mixing with open mindedness. People all across the world have tattoos and are now seen in everyday society. Tattoos have also gone back thousands of years and in some cultures were celebrated, or shown for culturalRead MoreTattoos And Its Impact On Society1384 Words   |  6 Pagesto look past. Tattoos are one of the most controversial topics when it comes to professionalism mixing with open mindedness. People all across the world have tattoos and are now seen in everyday society. Tattoos have also gone back thousands of years and in some cultures were celebrated, or shown for cultural reasons. Furthermore, the U.S. military is now integrating new policies on tattoos, ensuring the domestication, and acceptance of tattoos. Effects of tattoos on modern day society have had a definiteRead MoreChanging The Perception Of Tattoos Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pages Why do people perceive tattoos as being dangerous, dirty, and generally belonging to a class of â€Å"undesirables?† It could be because people cannot live in a world without narration and stories. Since the dawn of mankind stories have been developed both through natural happenings and casual relations, as well as constructed through characters, themes, language and the meaning of words. The story of tattoos as well as countless others are narratives that have been developed and passed down throughRead MoreThe Addictive Draw to Tattoos Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos have become more prevalent in our society over the last few decades. What used to be a social faux pa or a negative brand has come to be a more acceptable life choice in our culture. However, only those who have joined the inked-up club can describe the sensation of modifying one’s body with art. From the pain and tantric feeling from the stinging that is released as a person allows themselves to b e marked for the rest of their life, and the hot pierce of the needle that gives a sensationRead MoreNegative Impact of Tattoos1546 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos have decorated bodies for centuries. From religious beliefs, to punishment, to adornment, tattoos have reflected personal stories for each of the bodies it marks. In the modern era, tattoos have become a form of art in which people use to express their individualities. Although one may consider marking their bodies as a positive form of self expression, tattoos can have lasting negative effects on one’s physical, social, and professional lives. Physically, getting a tattoo involvesRead MoreWhy Should People Commit Crime And Labeling Theory From A Sociological Perspective1743 Words   |  7 Pagesand explain how tattooing has become a stigma in today s society. I am going to discuss three similarity views; first they share ties with social strain in deviance, by the way, society is structured. Second, they both deal with crime among minority group as well as crime rates in the United States. Third, both anomie-strain and labeling theory focus on the deviant behavior regarding the individual social and cultural status and how society response to these types of deviant behaviors. I am going

K-12 Reaction Paper free essay sample

K-12 is describe by the Department of Education (http://www. gov. ph/k-12/#about) as a Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship. Basically in the K-12 program there will be an additional 2 years of high school which in now called the Senior High School. I personally like the new educational system that we are applying right now because it will help the students to be more equipped in the future, they will be more qualified to be in College or even to go to work right after they finished Senior High School, though many are complaining since our public school were lacking in the facilities, teacher, and many more, for the K-12 program. We will write a custom essay sample on K-12 Reaction Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that because of this new educational system we can have globally competitive graduates thus our economic status will raise, this will give us a lot of opportunities to be better in whatever field we are taking. Many have notice that the graduates of our old educational system are not that good as the other graduates from the other countries with improve educational system. It is because they spend more time in education than us, our typical college graduate are 19-20 years old while their college graduate are 22-23, this means they spend more years studying than us so they master what field they are in. but because of our new educational system, the K-12 Program this will all change. Every 5 years old child will be mandated to enter the kindergarten, after that they will spend 6 years in elementary education (Grade 1–Grade 6) then 4 years of secondary education (Grade 7-Grade10) and after that there will be an additional 2 years of high school (Grade 11-Grade 12) for mastery. Therefore our High School graduate will be around 18-19 years old, because of our new program they can choose among three tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic track includes three strands: Business, Accountancy, Management (BAM); Humanities, Education, Social Sciences (HESS); and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM). Students undergo immersion, which may include earn-while-you-learn opportunities, to provide them relevant exposure and actual experience in their chosen track. Because of that when the student decide to not enter college they can apply for work already because they are in their legal age unlike before when the high schools graduate were 15-16 when they decide to not enter college they will be unemployed even if they want to work because they are too young thus we have an increasing rate of unemployment. But right now that is not a problem anymore since we have our improve educational system we can have a competent high school graduates who decided to go to work and eligible college students when they pursue academics. Our public schools in the Philippines always have a flaw, it is either they lack in the facilities or they lack teachers or sometimes both. And this is the case even without the K-12 so many were worried that the K-12 won’t be successful since we are deficient in the facilities. The answer of DepEd will be this â€Å"Program implementation in public schools is being done in phases starting SY 2012–2013. Grade 1 entrants in SY 2012–2013 are the first batch to fully undergo the program, and current 1st year Junior High School students (or Grade 7) are the first to undergo the enhanced secondary education program. To facilitate the transition from the existing 10-year basic education to 12 years, DepEd is also implementing the SHS and SHS Modeling†. They claim that everything will be ready by the end of year 2013, but as always they have a flaw because in my hometown the public school still have a problem in the facilities, but they say it will be finish by this year, let us all hope that will be true. Because of this new educational system there will be a great demand in teachers and that is good news to us as future teachers. Other than that the reason that there is something about K-12 that made me want it more than the previous one. In view for the fact that the Philippines is considered as a third-world country it is hard for us to be competitive in the global market, we also have poor education. But because of K-12 a lot will Change. This new educational system will help the graduates of it to be more superior and they will have a great chance in the Global Market. Our economy will also benefit from this, we will have an increase in our employment rate and our economy will rise. There is still time to Change we just have to embrace the difference it will bring us because Opportunities come along with it. We just have to be brave and face all that risk for the time when we’ve done it, there will be Success.

Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh Essay Example

Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh Essay This project report analyses the marketing mix, PEST analysis and STP analysis of Nokia. Nokia has adopted excellent techniques to influence a consumer, the prices of their phones are reasonable. Almost every shop dealing in mobiles sells Nokia phones apart from their Nokia Care and Nokia priority outlets. Their products are also well promoted. The Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of all their products are discussed in a detailed manner. The success of the company lies in the fact that NOKIA: AN INTRODUCTION Everyone has a need to communicate and share. Nokia helps people to fulfill this need and they help people feel close to what matters to them. They focus on providing consumers with very human technology – technology that is intuitive, a joy to use, and beautiful HISTORY OF NOKIA:- NOKIA’S FIRST CENTURY: 1865-1967 The first Nokia century began with Fredrik Idestams paper mill on the banks of the Nokianvirta river. Between 1865 and 1967, the company would become a major industrial force; but it took a merger with a cable company and a rubber firm to set the new Nokia Corporation on the path to electronics. * 1865: The birth of Nokia:- Fredrik Idestam establishes a paper mill at the Tammerkoski Rapids in south western Finland, where the Nokia story begins. * 1898: Finnish Rubber Works founded:- Arvid Wickstrom founds Finnish Rubber Works, which will later become Nokias rubber business * 1912: Finnish Cable Works founded:- Eduard Polon starts Finnish Cable Works, the foundation of Nokias cable and electronics businesses. 1937: Verner Weckman, industry heavyweight:- Former Olympic wrestler Verner Weckman becomes President of Finnish Cable Works. * 1960: First electronics department:- Cable Works establishes its first electronics department, selling and operating computers. * 1962: First in-house electrical device:- The Cable Works electronics department produces its first in-house electrical devic e a pulse analyzer for nuclear power plants. * 1967: The merger:- Nokia Ab, Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable works formally merge to create Nokia Corporation. THE MOVE TO MOBILE: 1968-1991 The newly formed Nokia Corporation was ideally positioned for a pioneering role in the early evolution of mobile communications. As European telecommunications markets were deregulated and mobile networks became global, Nokia led the way with some iconic products 1979: Mobira Oy, early phone maker Radio telephone company Mobira Oy begins life as a joint venture between Nokia and leading Finnish television maker Salora. 1981: The mobile era begins Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), the first international mobile phone network, is built. 982: Nokia makes its first digital telephone switch The Nokia DX200, the company’s first digital telephone switch, goes into operation. 1984: Mobira Talkman launched Nokia launches the Mobira Talkman portable phone. 1987: Mobira Cityman – birth of a classic Nokia launches the Mobira Cityman, the first handheld NMT phone. 1991: GSM – a new mobile standard opens up Nokia equipment is used to make the worldâ €™s first GSM call. MOBILE REVOLUTION: 1992-1999 In 1992, Nokia decided to focus on its telecommunications business. This was probably the most important strategic decision in its history. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Nokia in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As adoption of the GSM standard grew, new CEO Jorma Ollila put Nokia at the head of the mobile telephone industry’s global boom – and made it the world leader before the end of the decade 1992: Jorma Ollila becomes President and CEO:- Jorma Ollila becomes President and CEO of Nokia, focusing the company on telecommunications. 1992: Nokia’s first GSM handset:- Nokia launches its first GSM handset, the Nokia 1011. 1994: Nokia Tune is launched:- Nokia launches the 2100, the first phone to feature the Nokia Tune. 1994: World’s first satellite call:- The world’s first satellite call is made, using a Nokia GSM handset. 997: Snake – a classic mobile game:- The Nokia 6110 is the first phone to feature Nokia’s Snake game. 1998: Nokia leads the world:- Nokia becomes the world leader in mobile phones. 1999: The Internet goes mobile:- Nokia launches the worlds first WAP handset, the Nokia 7110. NOKIA NOW: 2000-TODAY:- Nokia’s story continue s with 3G, mobile multiplayer gaming, multimedia devices and a look to the future 2002: First 3G phone:- Nokia launches its first 3G phone, the Nokia 6650. 2003: Nokia launches the N-Gage:- Mobile gaming goes multiplayer with the N-Gage. 005: The Nokia Nseries is born:- Nokia introduces the next generation of multimedia devices, the Nokia Nseries. 2005: The billionth Nokia phone is sold:- Nokia sells its billionth phone – a Nokia 1100 – in Nigeria. Global mobile phone subscriptions pass 2 billion. 2006: A new President and CEO:- Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo becomes Nokia’s President and CEO; Jorma Ollila becomes Chairman of Nokia’s board. Nokia and Siemens announce plans for Nokia Siemens Networks. The birth of Nokia Eseries. The ultimate handheld communicator mobiles (Enterprise series) are launched. 2007: Nokia recognized as 5th most valued brand in the world. Nokia Siemens Networks commences operations. Nokia launches Ovi, its new internet services brand. 2008: Nokias three mobile device business groups and the supporting horizontal groups are replaced by an integrated business segment, Devices Services. THE 4P’S OF THE MARKETING MIX: PRODUCT:- The product is the centre of the marketing mix and the other three Ps are based around it. Consumers purchase goods and services for a variety of individual reasons and a company must be aware of all of these when selling a product (that is why they conduct market research). Nokia does exactly the same and comes up with innovative phones almost every six months. The new phones that Nokia launches have some new feature or price difference, thus appealing to the consumer. Sometimes, Nokia launches special and limited editions of its mobile phones, on special occasions such as the Olympics. In short they offer phones of great variety with various designs and high quality. Price:- Price is a key factor in the selling of a product, and is usually the one that is open to the most change based on different pricing strategies, for xample, competitor based, penetration or skimming. The three main factors affecting the amount charged for a product or service, are; the cost of production, customer demand and competition. Since its entry into Indian mobile market in 1995, it focused on manufacturing of mobile handsets based on GSM technology. Nokia built a strong brand image with focused marketing and distribution network. It started focusing on the low-cost mobile phone segment for rural markets in India, but, faced stiff competition from Sony Ericsson, Samsung, and Motorola who also started offering low-cost handsets. Nokia has come up with the perfect prices for each and every consumer segment in the market. A lower middle-class person can go for a Nokia 1200 costing around Rs. 1200 while an executive can opt for N-96 costing around Rs. 33,000. Place:- This refers to the chosen outlets for a product or service, for a product to be very successful it must be easy to access, Nokia mobile phones are very easy to access nowadays, they are sold in supermarkets, Nokia Priority, Nokia Care and specialized outlets (eg. The Mobile Store). Promotion:- This involves providing information to the customer over a variety of media platforms, using radio, television and print advertising as well as using other promotional tools such as money off deals and free giveaways. The advertisements that Nokia comes up with are very successful in targeting the customers in a consumer market. The advertisements are made in such a way that it appeals to the psychology of the consumer. They also have various sale promotion schemes like offering discounts on special occasions and giving free gifts along with a purchase of a mobile phone. PEST ANALYSIS In the case of Nokia, it can be classified as international organization. It is basic for global brand, which is required to focus on macro environmental factors, such as Nokia. Macro environmental factors comprise Political, Economics, Society, and Technology, viz, PEST Analysis. It is necessary force that Nokia has to concern and know what is happening in the other countries at the moment. Because there are different culture and different external factors between different countries, Nokia has to adjust its trategic plan in order to develop international market. Political:- It is important of a company to acquire resources from government, such as economic policy, and science and technology policy. The success of Nokia has obtaine the resources from Finnish policies which assist Nokia to advance its products. The Finnish policies are the most important factors of Nokia. To operate efficiently, a modern knowledge- and technology-based economy that is highly specialized , internationalized and undergoing rapid structural change requires active support from the public sector. In its widest sense industrial policy and science and technology (ST) policy comprise all those measures by which the public sector shapes the operating environment for business and thus fosters public welfare. Both policies used by Finnish government and Parliament are crucial for the development both of the Finnish Economy and of national information society. Finnish government best facilitate the efficient functioning of the economy by directing its resources to the reduction of market failures. The state must also pursue an industrial and economic policy that provides a stable macroeconomic environment for enterprises. General macroeconomic stability, low interest rates, stable currency conditions and the international competitiveness of the tax system form the foundation for the growth of business an improvement in employment. As the result of this, not only Finnish Government but also international companies, such as Nokia, have play very important roles to develop their information society and national technology strength. Economic:- According to the fact that Russian Federation was collapsed in early 1990s and it assaulted with Finnish economics. Nokia also face with the problem, and changed its functions from single market and overall products to global market and focusing mobile phone market. With incomes rising, people have more disposable income, which enables consumers to be more selective with their choice of mobile phone, looking to other factors rather than fulfilling the most basic of user (text, messaging and phone calls) Nokia being a multinational company operates in many countries. They have to abide by the economic policies in whichever country they are operating. Society and Technology:- In the 1980s, people’s trend to microcomputers and Nokia tried to match the tendency to produce its main products, such as computers, monitors and TV sets. According to the changes in 1990s, Nokia also changes its functions to mobile phone market. Nowadays, the global market trends to connect PC and mobile phone, even though to combine these two products together. On the other hand, one important future challenge of Nokia is to establish its policy to follow up the environmental policy and science and technology policy of the Finnish Government. Sustainable development and environmental protection have various effects on the operation of the innovation system. Innovation also creates new opportunities for promoting sustainable development. The markets for environmental products are expected to grow rapidly in the near future. The Finnish government offers goods facilities for taking this opportunity. National and European reforms arising from environmental objectives influence the perquisites from innovation. Nokia must be used to find solution which help to implement environmental objectives as well as the objectives of innovation policy in a balanced way. To sum up, the main reason of Nokia has success to advance its products are the policies and technology development of Finnish Government. It cannot be separate between Nokia’s successful of advance its product and Finnish Government’s policies, both of Nokia and Finnish Government are the winner in the international market. Nokia has obtained the success of mobile phone market, and Finnish Government has established its position of technology development. At this moment Nokia is the best selling mobile phone company owing to its constant upgradation in the technology of its phones. STP ANALYSIS SEGMENTATION AND TARGETING:- * Entry level: (Rs 1,200-3,000):- Nokia targeted low income people and first time mobile buyers in this series. Sets include are 1200, 1208, 1100, 1110, 1112 etc * Classic Series: (Rs 7,000-17,000):- Nokia targeted decent people in this series. Sets include in this series are 6300,6233,6120,3120 etc * N gage Series: (Rs 8,000-16,000):- Nokia targeted game lovers in this series . These sets include game like play station, PSP and Xbox. N- Series: (Rs 7000-35,000):- Nokia targeted the young generation who wanted to possess mobiles with the latest technologies such as a 5 MP camera, a decent music player, GPRS, etc. This series is also called multimedia computer. Named as on step ahead multimedia. Sets include N72, N81, N95, N96, N97, etc * E-Series: (Rs 10,000-60,000):- These mobiles were launched for people who needed mobile computing on the go especially business people. These phones are enabled with word, spreadsheet and presentation softwar es. They also are equipped with GPRS/ EDGE technologies thus functioning as a palmtop. Sets include E90, E75, E61, E62, etc * Xpress music Series: (Rs 6,000-20,000):- Nokia launched this series basically for the people who loved music. Good dolby digital earphones and long battery life are the features of these mobile phones. Sets include 5800, 5610, 5320, 5310, 5220, etc * Premium Series:(Rs 80,000-1,500,000):-In this series Nokia targeted people who show visual status. Sets include in this series are Sephiraarte, 8800Gold, 8800arts etc POSITIONING:- Positioning of a product refers to creating an image about a particular product. Nokia has been very successful in this strategy. Nokia has created a distinct position in customer mind by:- * Nokia logo: * Slogan: * StandardRingtone * Standard message tone. * Long battery backup. * User friendly mobiles. * The specific message that is conveyed to the customers in every advertisement is: â€Å"Nokia enable you to get more out of life†. These specific aspects have been embedded into the mindset of the consumer in such a way that every time they saw the logo or heard the ringtone they associate it with a Nokia product. Hence Nokia has been very successful in positioning it products in the market. LOOPHOLES No doubt that  the products from the Finnish company, Nokia, are some of the very best in the world, but the company still hasn’t found a profitable way to market its goods. The very reason that other mobile phone companies are fast eating up Nokia’s market share is their superior (yet simple) marketing practices. Motorola and Samsung must now be in the FUW (frequently used words) list in Nokia’s board meetings. These companies have made Nokia pay dearly for its rudimentary approach in marketing its phones. The aggressive marketing practices followed by Motorola have hit Nokia very hard and it is losing very crucial global market share every month to its American competitor. Nokia, quite alarmed by the dropping sales of its phones, is now putting all its weight behind the N-Series range. The N-Series is packed with multimedia features and Nokia believes that these phones might woo the costumers back to the big daddy of the mobile phone world. But Espoo, we have a problem!! (Nokia is headquartered at Espoo, Finland). While Motorola (quite intelligently) gives a dashy-flashy name to every phone it brings into the market, Nokia tends to do the exact opposite. Nokia from the very start has relied on numbers rather than names. This strategy worked very well in the past, but only because there wasn’t much competition back then. But times have changed. Every month the market sees at least a dozen new handsets from an equal number of manufacturers. Consumers now have more than they can choose. Consumers are more attracted by names because they can thus easily relate to the features of the phone. This is evident from the success of the MotoRazr, MotoSlvr, MotoRizr and MotoKrzr. These phones are not packed with heavy multimedia features like the N-Series; still they are selling like hot cakes. Just by reading the name of the handset, one gets a broad idea what the phone looks like or what  its features are. Nokia advertises more than Motorola. Still its market share is dropping. Motorola does not need to spend much money for the promotion of its products and it doesn’t have to worry about the marketing of these phones; it just simplifies its job by naming its products right. Take the example of Apple. It did not have to do much to promote its iPhone. RECOMMENDATIONS: It is high time that Nokia starts applying some sense to its marketing strategies. It doesn’t have to do anything great, other than just naming its phones. A few months ago, a highly placed Nokia official told Reuters that his company would soon go the Motorola way and  start using names for its new phones. It is in Nokia’s best interest that it takes to this path as early as possible, otherwise the once market leader might see its market share plummeting to even lower depths CONCLUSION